We study joint distributions of cycles and patterns in permutations written in standard cycle form. We explore both classical and generalised patterns of length 2 and 3. Many extensions of classical theory are achieved; bivariate generating functions for inversions, ascents, descents, 123s, valleys, 1’-2-1s; closed forms for avoidance of peaks, 2-3-1s, 1-2-3s, 2’-1-2s and 1’-2-1s; bijective pro...

This paper deals with the problem of speech waveform polarity. As the polarity of speech waveform can influence the performance of pitch marking algorithms (see Sec. 4), a simple method for the speech signal polarity determination is presented in the paper. We call this problem peak/valley decision making, i.e. making of decision whether pitch marks should be placed at peaks (local maxima) or a...

Disordered systems are an important class of models in statistical mechanics, having the defining characteristic that the energy landscape is a fixed realization of a random field. Examples include various models of glasses and polymers. They also arise in other areas, like fitness models in evolutionary biology. The ground state of a disordered system is the state with minimum energy. The syst...

In recent years, remote sensing, morphometric analysis, and other computational concepts and tools have invigorated the field of geomorphological mapping. Automated interpretation of digital terrain data based on impartial rules holds substantial promise for large dataset processing and objective landscape classification. However, the geomorphological realm presents tremendous complexity and ch...

The factors that influence genetic architecture shape the structure of the fitness landscape, and therefore play a large role in the evolutionary dynamics. Here the NK model is used to investigate how epistasis and pleiotropy – key components of genetic architecture – affect the structure of the fitness landscape, and how they affect the ability of evolving populations to adapt despite the diff...

In this paper we propose a new junctions ridges and valleys detection method in images based on the difference of rotating Gaussian semi filters. The novelty of this approach resides in the mixing of ideas coming both from directional filters and DoG method. We obtain a new ridges/valleys junctions anisotropic DoG detector enabling very precise detection of ridge/valley junctions. Moreover, thi...

An oscillation with a period of around 500 kb in guanine and cytosine content (GC%) is observed in the DNA sequence of human chromosome 21. This oscillation is localized in the rightmost one-eighth region of the chromosome, from 43.5 Mb to 46.5 Mb. Five cycles of oscillation are observed in this region with six GC-rich peaks and five GC-poor valleys. The GC-poor valleys comprise regions with lo...

We demonstrate theoretically that spin dynamics of electrons injected into a GaAs semiconductor structure through a Schottky barrier possesses strong nonequilibrium features. The electrons injected are redistributed quickly among several valleys. Spin relaxation driven by the spin–orbital coupling in the semiconductor is very rapid. At T = 4.2 K, injected spin polarization decays at a distance ...