Objectives:Vagal pathways in gastrointestinal tract are the most important pathways that regulate ischemia/reperfusion (I/R).  Gastrointestinal tract is one of the important sources of melatonin production. The aim of this study was to investigate probable protective effect of the interaction between vagus nerve and melatonin after I/R. Materials and methods:This study was performed in male rat...

Interfacing with the peripheral nervous system is a powerful method for diagnosing and treating several diseases, such as drug-resistant epilepsy depression. In most clinical applications, large nerves vagus hypoglossal nerve are targeted. Large carry multiple fibers, maintaining selectivity of specific target response demands complex stimulation strategies. As trunks bifurcate toward their dis...

Distributions of the cardiac plexuses and cardiac ganglia were gross-anatomically and histologically studied in eight Beijing ducks. The cardiac plexuses consisted of two components, the cardiac nerve arising from the sympathetic trunk and the cranial and caudal cardiac nerves arising from the vagus. Branches of these nerves made the cardiac plexuses on the epicardium. The cardiac plexuses coul...

INTRODUCTION There is now abundant evidence that the immune system and the brain have close functional interactions in both directions. This review focuses on the influence of the microbiota (the bacteria resident in the gut) on brain function in major depressive disorder (MDD) and related syndromes. The gut and the central nervous system communicate partly through the autonomic nervous system ...

Effects of mesenteric nerve (MN) stimulation on the electrophysiological behavior of myenteric neurons in the guinea pig ileum were investigated with intracellular recording techniques in the myenteric flaps innervated with mesenteric nerves. MN stimulation at 0.11-6 Hz evoked fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in 6 myenteric neurons (2 Type 2/AH, 3 NS and 1 Type 1/S cells) and rar...

The catecholamines, dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine, have been found in brain regions associated with cardiovascular regulation. We wished to determine whether central catecholaminergic neurons participate in the reflex alterations of cardiac autonomic nerve traffic associated with acute myocardial ischemia. Five groups of rats treated with a-methyltyrosine, an inhibitor of catecholam...

We investigated the functional organization of the glossopharyngeal and vagal motor nuclei during embryogenesis using multiple-site optical recording with a fast voltage-sensitive dye. Intact brain stem preparations with glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves were dissected from 4- to 8-day-old chick embryos. Electrical responses evoked by glossopharyngeal/vagus nerve stimulation were optically reco...

The involvement of the vagus in the insulin response during the early phase of absorption of a meal has been demonstrated recently. The extent of this vagal influence was investigated during fasting in an anesthetized porcine model. Portal and systemic insulin were evaluated together with glycemia during cooling and sectioning of both cervical vagal trunks in 12 splanchnicotomized or sham-opera...

Changes in muscle and renal vascular resistances when the traffic in aortic or vagal nerves was interrupted were compared during normocapnia and hypercapnia in rabbits. The rabbits were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated; the sinus nerves were cut. A hind limb and a kidney were perfused at constant flow with autologous blood. With the vagi cut or cool...

SUMMARY We studied the locations and organization of spinal pathways controlling the cardiac vagi in three groups of cats. In all animals, /?-adrenergic blockade was induced and the L4 spinal segment was exposed. The right carotid sinus nerves (RC9N) and right peroneal nerves (RPN) were sectioned and the central ends were prepared for stimulation. In one group of cats, hearts were paced and ind...