Sometimes the derivation is denoted by a→ a′. A ring equipped with a derivation is called a differential ring. The notions, differential subring, differential ring extension and homomorphism between differential rings, are clear. If (R, ∂) is a differential ring then the set of constants is by definition {r ∈ R : ∂(r) = 0}, and is easily seen to be a (differential) subring. ∂ means the k-fold i...

On a Lebesgue measure space with measure element do, and total measure finite or infinite, we consider the complex-valued measurable functions f, y, so, ., each determined only a.e., and each belonging to all L,-classes simultaneously, 1<r< a. We donote (i) by F = {f} a ring of functions with complex constants and ordinary multiplication and closed under the involution: if f -= f + if2 e F then...

2. Since A[b] is a subring of B, it is an integral domain. Thus if bz = 0 and b = 0, then z = 0. 3. Any linear transformation on a finite-dimensional vector space is injective iff it is surjective. Thus if b ∈ B and b = 0, there is an element c ∈ A[b] ⊆ B such that bc = 1. Therefore B is a field. 4. Since P is the preimage of Q under the inclusion map of A into B, P is a prime ideal. The map a ...

Let T be a torus and B a compact T−manifold. Goresky, Kottwitz, and MacPherson show in [GKM] that if B is (what was subsequently called) a GKM manifold, then there exists a simple combinatorial description of the equivariant cohomology ring H∗ T (B) as a subring of H∗ T (B ). In this paper we prove an analogue of this result for T−equivariant fiber bundles: we show that if M is a T−manifold and...

In this paper, relations among the membership values of gener- alized fuzzy languages such as intuitionistic fuzzy language, interval-valued fuzzy language and vague language are studied. It will aid in studying the properties of one language when the properties of another are known. Further, existence of a minimized nite automaton with vague ( final) states for any vague regular language recog...

The main purpose of this paper is to introduce the notion of vague h-morphism on vague graphs and regular vague graphs. The action of vague h-morphism on vague strong regular graphs are studied. Some elegant results on weak and co weak isomorphism are derived. Also, [Formula: see text]-complement of highly irregular vague graphs are defined.