safety is one of the life necessities and fundamental human rights and it is a prerequisite for improvement of people welfare and health. safety improvement is in a direct relationship with mental calmness and also with senses of places to life environment. although the importance of safety factors for everybody, researches show that sensitivity or safety level for some kinds of age and sex gro...

IN T R O D U C T IO N Population forecasters have estimated that the 1970 census when reported will show close to 75 percent of the United States popula­ tion will be classified as urban. Once again one can expect that the greatest percentage change will occur in the urban fringes of central cities of population range of 25,000 to 100,000. Along with the in­ creased population growth and disper...

Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is one of the most important urban systems that its functionality affects other urban systems directly and indirectly. In developing societies, increasing the transportation system efficiency is an important concern, because variety of problems such as heavy traffic condition, rise of the accident rate and the reduced performance happen with the rise of p...

In this paper we propose a dynamic Stackelberg game-theoretic model for urban freight transportation planning which is able to characterize the interaction between freight and personal transportation in an urban area. The problem is formulated as a bi-level dynamic mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (MPEC) which belongs to a class of computationally challenging problems. The lowe...

In the last 30 years, there have been three transportation master plan studies for the Hiroshima urban area, Japan. The planning software used in these studies have been developed by the consultants engaged in the studies. Generally, the transportation models developed for the Hiroshima projects have not been used elsewhere. There is also a lack of information regarding the uses and application...

The ceaselessly increasing number of trips on urban highways and major arterial roads have caused serious congestion and air pollution problems. Thus many transportation agencies have persevered in their efforts not only to alleviate such problems, but also to minimize social costs. However, the complex nature of such problems has strongly hindered transportation agencies’ ability to consider a...

OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of capitated transportation brokerage services on Medicaid beneficiaries' access to care and expenditures. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING The study period from 1996 to 1999 corresponds to the period of a natural experiment during which Georgia and Kentucky implemented transportation brokerage services. Effects were estimated for asthmatic children and diabetic adul...

To offer high quality services, when users are increasingly demanding and competition more and more hard, is now a major problem that transportation companies are faced with. So, ensuring a regular traffic needs to identify the randomly occurring disturbances that affect the transportation system and to eliminate or reduce their impacts on the traffic. This paper presents a decision support sys...