This article is about annotating clauses with nonverbal predication in version 2 of Estonian UD treebank. Three possible annotation schemas are discussed, among which separating existential clauses from copular clauses would be theoretically most sound but would need too much manual labor and could possibly yield inconcistent annotation. Therefore, a solution has been adapted which separates ex...

Abstract. For an element w in the Weyl algebra generated by D and U with relation DU = UD + 1, the normally ordered form is w = ∑ ci,jU D . We demonstrate that the normal order coefficients ci,j of a word w are rook numbers on a Ferrers board. We use this interpretation to give a new proof of the rook factorization theorem, which we use to provide an explicit formula for the coefficients ci,j ....

Urban bias has long been China’s dominant economic policy. The persistent urban bias leads to a severe rural-urban income gap and diverts physical as well as an effect of diverting the rural resource out of agricultural sector, and thus is detrimental to agricultural growth. This paper uses China’s provincial panel data from 1978 to 2007 to investigate the diverting effects of the rural-urban i...

One of the most important factors in quality improvement of transportation, communication, accommodation, utilities, etc is urban infrastructures development. Certainly, with the intention of achieving the goal, approaches to urban infrastructures management must be ranked by Scientific and logical evaluation and calculation. This paper presents evaluation of governmental, private, and public–p...

Offensive urban combat is one of the most difficult tasks soldiers are called upon to perform (USMC 1998). Urban combat is characterized by building-to-building and room-to-room fighting, and even a vastly outnumbered defensive force can inflict significant casualties on attacking forces. Effective, frequent training is an essential element in reducing casualties in urban combat. However, train...

As for any categorial scheme used for annotation, UD abound with borderline cases. The main instruments to resolve them are the UD design principles and, of course, the linguistic facts of the matter. UD makes a fundamental distinction between content words and function words, and a, perhaps less fundamental, distinction between pure function words and the rest. It has been suggested that adpos...

This paper argues that a hybrid role for urban planners has emerged within the largely neoliberalised spaces of contemporary Australian governance. This new role is one that transcends previously rigid or clearly defined sectoral positions to blend public, private and community responsibilities in novel and complex ways. The first section of the paper briefly sketches the historical shifts that...