1Health Oriented Preventive Education (HOPE), Karachi, Pakistan. 2World Health Organization, Sindh, Pakistan. 3TB Control Programme, Pakistan. ABSTRACT We investigated gender differences in knowledge of and attitude towards tuberculosis (TB) in urban and rural communities in Sindh province, Pakistan. Knowledge of symptoms was generally deficient, particularly in rural females. Regarding TB prev...

Urban food insecurity has become a growing humanitarian problem in most developing countries due to population increase, rural-urban migration, widespread poverty and increasing cost of food. In Kenya, an estimated 12 million people live in urban areas of which 5.7 million (about 48%) reside in slums or informal settlements. The slums are particularly at high risk of vulnerability to food insec...

Please World Summary.— The debate over the future and development of African pastoral systems is dominated by two paradigms that are considered mutually exclusive: the modernization and the mobility paradigm. However, an ethnographic study of a peri-urban pastoral system in the Far North Province of Cameroon shows that these paradigms need and should not be mutually exclusive. Peri-urban pastor...

Excessive intake of fluoride is associated with a wide range of adverse health effects. In a study from China, there was a higher risk of hypertension (HTN) in those resided in areas with relatively higher water fluoride concentrations. In another study from Iran, a significant positive correlation was found between the mean concentration of fluoride in the groundwater and the mean systolic blo...

OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of Internet addiction and the risk of developing this addiction in Polish adolescents attending junior high schools and high school in Lublin Province, to indicate the differences regarding the intensity of Internet addiction symptoms, and the types of online activity of adolescents residing in urban and rural areas. MATERIA...

INTRODUCTION Anti-health behaviours pose a threat to the health status of the adolescent population in Poland. Among other things, the use and abuse of tobacco, alcohol and psychoactive substances are very dangerous as they may give rise to further health inequalities in young people. The aim of the research was to compare scopes of anti-health behaviours of adolescents in rural and urban areas...