Purpose Vertical line extension is an attractive growth strategy that allows brands to address heterogeneous consumer needs and react competitive pressure. The purpose of this paper systematically review summarize vertical research derive general insights into upward downward extension. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on a systematic 536 academic articles predefined inclusion criteria, iden...

When we hear a story that describes motion, do we naturally imagine the motion described? To what extent do the mental images generated through language share processing resources with perception? In our studies, people read a story describing upward or downward motion and were later asked to interpret an unrelated ambiguous figure. The figure could have been seen as a bird flying upward or dow...

The electronic structure of the cation of [Fe(ptz)(6)](BF(4))(2), a prototype of a class of complexes that display light-induced excited-state spin trapping (LIESST), has been investigated by time-independent and time-dependent density-functional theories. The density of states of the singlet ground state reveals that the highest occupied orbitals are metal centered and give rise to a low spin ...

Purpose: A variation in squatting technique is using arms to actively push the bar up with the upper limbs which is common in bodybuilding. This study aimed to compare the Electromyography (EMG) activity of selected muscles during squat with and without upper limb assistance. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study. Fifteen healthy male power lifters (using the convenience sampling method...

Three studies show that different forms of self-activation have differential influences on the processing of social comparison information. Activating neutral self-conceptions results in defensive processing of threatening social comparison information (Study 1). Participants maintain favorable self-evaluations in the face of upward comparison and rate the upward target of comparison negatively...

Previous research has shown that perceived facial valence is biased toward background valence. Here, we examine whether background dominance also affects perceived facial dominance. In particular, we hypothesized that downward-pointing triangles, which are known to convey threat, would affect perceived facial dominance. Participants judged perceived facial dominance of neutral faces presented o...