Intraspecific variation is abundant in all types of systematic characters but is rarely addressed in simulation studies of phylogenetic method performance. We compared the accuracy of 15 phylogenetic methods using simulations to (1) determine the most accurate method(s) for analyzing polymorphic data (under simplified conditions) and (2) test if generalizations about the performance of phylogen...

The Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) is one of the most valuable resources in Iran because of its multi benefits. The present study was conducted in Meshkin-Shahr in Ardabil province to investigate the important quantitative and qualitative characteristics of 31 walnut genotypes. Classification of genotypes was analyzed using the cluster method. The results showed that among selected walnut ge...

Successful hybrid cultivar breeding is depend on the high genetic diversity of plant sources, as well homozygous and genetically distant lines requiring hybridization. The aim this study to determine distance between inbred pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in order increase efficacy program. In study, distances 44 bell peppers 35 banana were investigated using SRAP (Sequence Related Amplified Polymo...

Solanum (Solanaceae) comprises cultivated and wild plants with 1400 species in the world 14 Iran. is a taxonomically complex genus due to morphological similarities, phenotypic plasticity hybridisation. Limited studies were done on anatomical features of this important genus. In project, 10 native exotic Iran belonging two subgenera examined anatomically. Leaf mesophyll midrib indumentum analys...

Ortholog identification is a crucial first step in comparative genomics. Here, we present a rapid method of ortholog grouping which is effective enough to allow the comparison of many genomes simultaneously. The method takes as input all-against-all similarity data and classifies genes based on the traditional hierarchical clustering algorithm UPGMA. In the course of clustering, the method dete...

One of the most fundamental aspects of bioinformatics in understanding sequence evolution and relationships is molecular phylogenetics, in which the evolutionary histories of living organisms are represented by finite directed (weighted) graphs, in particular, directed (weighted) trees. There are basically two types of phylogenetic methods, distance based methods and character based methods. Di...

The aim of this work was to analyze genetic variability in 18 populations of Maytenus ilicifolia, and representatives of Maytenus aquifolia and Maytenus evonymoidis, collected in the states of Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, using RAPD molecular markers. Considering total samples of the three species, 263 amplified fragments were identified, of which 72.2% show...

-UTCE is a platform for ultrametric tree construction and tree evaluation. Phylogenetic tree can be used by biologists to observe the relationship between species, and the ultrametric tree is a popular model which is assumed that the rate of evolution is constant. UPGMA is one of well-know ultrametric tree constructing algorithm. However, UPGMA is a heuristic algorithm and can not guarantee the...