We prove a consistency results saying, that for a simple (first order) theory, it is easier to have a universal model in some cardinalities, than for the theory of linear order. We define additional properties of first order theories, the n-strong order property (SOPn in short). The main result is that a first order theory with the 4-strong order property behaves like linear orders concerning e...

We prove a consistency results saying, that for a simple (first order) theory, it is easier to have a universal model in some cardinalities, than for the theory of linear order. We define additional properties of first order theories, the n-strong order property (SOPn in short). The main result is that a first order theory with the 4-strong order property behaves like linear orders concerning e...

If T is a (first order) universal theory then we can consider the category of existentially closed models of T with embeddings as morphisms. This class of structures is in general not the class of models of a first order theory T ′. (It will be, just if T has a model companion T ′.) The “model theory” of such a “non-elementary class” was a substantial line of research in the 1970’s, mainly amon...

Well known biological approximations are universal, i.e. invariant to transformations from one species to another. With no other experimental data, such invariance yields exact conservation (with respect to biological diversity and evolutionary history) laws. The laws predict two alternative universal ways of evolution and physiology; their singularities and bans; a new kind of rapid (compared ...

In this paper we investigate some properties of first order theories which prevent them from having universal models under certain cardinal arithmetic assumptions. Our results give a new syntactical condition, oak property, which is a sufficient condition for a theory not to have universal models in cardinality λ when certain cardinal arithmetic assumptions implying the failure of GCH (and clos...

We prove a consistency results saying, that for a simple (first order) theory, it is easier to have a universal model in some cardinalities, than for the theory of linear order. We define additional properties of first order theories, the n-strong order property (SOPn in short). The main result is that a first order theory with the 4-strong order property behaves like linear orders concerning e...

Journalism ethics theorizing is increasingly preoccupied with identifying and articulating universal norms and standards for media systems across various cultures. This study offers an empirical contribution to this topic by examining the ethical orientations of journalists in 18 countries. Country-level, or ideological, factors, rather than individuallevel variables, appear to have the greates...