introduction: an article with a clear message can transfer research knowledge better. however, this is the case when the message suits the type of  study methodology (research design) and its results. the objective of  this study was to assess the presence of  message articles and the type of  study methodologies. methods: articles published between 2001 and 2006, on maternal care, diabetes, an...

In this paper two different rateless transmissionschemes are developed. In the proposed scheme, relay node candecode and forward the message to the destination if they areable to decode it, or amplify and forward the message to thedestination. Based on the analysis and simulation resultsprovided in this paper, the proposed method has bettertransmission time than the scheme which only the relay ...

in the name of allah, the compassionate, the merciful   my esteemed friends and colleagues from thousands of years ago, with the increase in the number of immigrants for finding new lands and then for trading, learning other languages became inevitable. from second half of the twentieth century, the ever increasing need for getting into communication with others, development in technological gr...

We prove (mostly tight) space lower bounds for “streaming” (or “on-line”) computations of four fundamental combinatorial objects: error-correcting codes, universal hash functions, extractors, and dispersers. Streaming computations for these objects are motivated algorithmically by massive data set applications and complexity-theoretically by pseudorandomness and derandomization for spacebounded...

The main idea behind UPC is that users should be able to view the underlying machine model as a collection of threads operating in a common global address [5]. In such an environment fine-grain algorithms are preferred to coarse-grain algorithms since they are easier to code. While such algorithms, written in UPC, should have similar performance in shared memory environments compared to OpenMP,...

In 2010, Vermont adopted a new law embracing human rights principles as guidelines for health care reform, and in 2011, Vermont was the first state in the US to enact framework legislation to establish a universal health care system for all its residents. This article reports on the Vermont Workers' Center's human rights-based approach to universal health care and the extent to which this appro...

The construct of mental models has been a useful tool for training and learning. Many instructors ask students to draw how something works or their understanding the subject. While this gives instructor feedback, comparing own understanding. There are many variations in that distinct yet correct. Structure, Behavior Function framework (SBF, Hmelo-Silver Pfeffer, 2004) successfully described cha...