on the basis of constitution and social and cultural contexts, each country has its own private international law system. concerning countries with federal system like the united states of america, conflict of laws not only may occur between laws of the united states and law of the other countries, but also in a distinctive manner, among states of the usa together. european :union: is in the sa...

By many accounts, the United States is in the midst of its third medical malpractice "crisis." Physicians in several states are facing high and rising premiums. The largest national medical malpractice carrier and some large multistate physician-backed liability firms have recently left the market. Rising premiums are traced largely to increases in claims severity. Capping malpractice payments ...

Toxic gaming and griefing in online games are part of the everyday interaction of players around the world. Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) games are notorious for their players’ toxic behavior. League of Legends (LoL), one of the most popular MOBA games, uses the Tribunal system as a strategy to restrict and punish toxic behaviors. The Tribunal system is a neutral body of surveillance t...

this article draws attention to the ways in which anita amirrezvani’s the blood of flowers (2007), a historical novel set in 17th-century iran, can be placed within the neo-orientalist discourse which informs many of the post-9/11 memoirs and novels set in contemporary iran by women of the iranian diaspora in the united states. besides being a novel on islam and islamic rule—which makes it much...

Antarctica is a continent on the brink. The constant political instability of oilrich nations, coupled with an increasing global petroleum demand, is fueling the likelihood that the world will turn its thirsty eyes towards this great unexplored frontier in search of natural energy resources. Mineral exploration in Antarctica, however, has been effectively barred since 1959 under the Antarctic T...

The Australian Federal Government expends increasingly large amounts of money on pharmaceuticals and medical devices. It is likely, given government experience in other jurisdictions, that a significant proportion of this expenditure is paid as a result of fraudulent claims presented by corporations. In the United States, legislation such as the False Claims Act 1986 (US), the Fraud Enforcement...

The United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit recently issued a decision that could narrow the scope of the prosecution of cases brought against health care providers under the False Claims Act, 31 U.S.C. § 3729, et seq. (the “Act”). This decision, United States ex rel. Mikes v. Straus, (http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=2nd&navby=case&no=006269) does significan...