PURPOSE The imaging characteristics of two popular kV cone-beam CT (CBCT) and two MVCT systems utilised in image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was performed on Varian Clinac iX, Elekta Synergy S, Siemens Oncor, and Tomotherapy. A CT phantom (Catphan-504, Phantom Laboratory, Salem, NY) was scanned for measurements of image quality including ima...

In this work, the latest development of monolithic microLED display for Augmented Reality (AR) applications is reported, with focus on R/G/B monochrome panels and polychrome projectors from Jade Bird Display Limited (JBD). State‐of‐the‐art Red, Green, Blue panel performances are presented. Integration through x‐cube led to world's smallest full‐color projector only 0.4cc in volume, ready be com...

Spatial extent—the possibility that what happens at point A cannot immediately affect what happens at point B—is a complicating factor in mathematical biology, as it creates the opportunity for spatial non-uniformity. This non-uniformity must change our understanding of evolutionary dynamics, as the same organism in different places can have different expected evolutionary outcomes. Since organ...

Surgery for the correction of anorectal malformations (ARM) is performed by almost all pediatric surgeons. A number of operative procedures are practiced. The posterior sagittal anorectoplasty procedure has found wide acceptability and although it provides the most accurate anatomical reconstruction of the neoanorectum and the sphincters, the results are not in keeping with this technical advan...

objective(s): in spect, the sinogram contains scatter and lack of attenuated counts that degrade the reconstructed image quality and quantity. many techniques for attenuation and scatter correction have been proposed. an acceptable method of correction is to incorporate effects into an iterative statistical reconstruction. here, we propose new maximum likelihood expectation maximization (mlem) ...

Introduction H MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) has become an important tool for the evaluation and staging of prostate cancer patients since changes in the peak areas of the choline, polyamines, and citrate resonances have been correlated with the presence and aggressiveness of prostate cancer [1]. However, the inhomogeneous reception profile of the endorectal coil reduces metabolite peak areas...

For megavoltage photon radiation, the fundamental dosimetry characteristics of Gafchromic EBT3 film were determined in 60Co gamma ray beam with addition of experimental and Monte Carlo (MC)-simulated energy dependence of the film for 6 MV photon beam and 6 MeV, 9 MeV, 12 MeV, and 16 MeV electron beams in water phantom. For the film read-out, two phase correction of scanner sensitivity was appli...

due to the scarcity of water resources, the need for sustainable development of drip irrigation tape is essential in iran. a number of drip irrigation tape systems used in sugar beet fields of isfahan and chahar mahal va bakhtiari provinces were evaluated and were compared with furrow irrigation methods in two consecutive years. the actual water use efficiency (wuesy, wuewsy) in lower quarter, ...