The particle swarm optimization (PSO), now widely used in the electromagnetics community, is a robust evolutionary method based on the property of swarm intelligence. This paper focuses on the random variable effect in the PSO algorithm, and two random distribution functions, namely, the uniform distribution and Gaussian distribution, are studied and compared in details. It is revealed through ...

An optimal design of a linear antenna array is presented. The antenna array is optimized under the restriction of uniform excitation distribution using a particle swarm optimization based method. The optimization procedure is applied under the requirements for the minimum possible side lobe level and the maximum possible power gain at the desired direction. The method has been applied to collin...

Monte Carlo simulation is a very important class of stochastic methods for calculating thermal properties of many-particle systems—arguably these are the most important numerical techniques in statistical physics. Monte Carlo simulation methods are related to the elementary Monte Carlo integration methods that we discussed earlier, but are based on more efficient non-uniform sampling schemes. B...

Monte Carlo simulation is a very important class of stochastic methods for calculating thermal properties of many-particle systems—arguably these are the most important numerical techniques in statistical physics. Monte Carlo simulation methods are related to the elementary Monte Carlo integration methods that we discussed earlier, but are based on more efficient non-uniform sampling schemes. B...

The nanoparticle transportation and Brownian diffusion in planar jet flow is simulated via large eddy simulation in this work. To thorough compare the Brownian diffusion with different particle size, we computed three particle diameter dp = 1 nm, 10 nm and 50 nm in one simulation process simultaneously. The numerical results showed that at the flow developing stage, the particle mass concentrat...

Accurate mesh-free simulation of fluid flows involving complex boundaries requires that the be captured accurately in terms particles. In context incompressible/weakly-compressible flow, SPH method is more accurate when particle distribution uniform. Hence, for time flow presence boundaries, one must have both an boundary discretization as well a uniform particles to initialize simulation. This...

Focusing on the influence of fine metal particles on the insulation characteristics of outdoor insulators, spherical micrometer-level iron powders were used to represent fine metal particles of different parameters on a polymer insulator specimen surface. Dynamic movement and lift-off behavior of fine particles, as well as the triggered surface discharges under AC voltage were investigated in a...

in this study, fe 3 o 4 superparamagnetic nanoparticles were synthesized and stabilized by chitosan. then the nanoparticles were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (tem). particle size distribution and zeta potential of the particles also was assessed using malvern zetasizer. the paramagnetic behaviors of the uncoated and chitosan coate...

Here we describe a manufacturing process for the production of commercial filtered Cranfords cannabis cigarettes (CN). Unlike production of filtered tobacco cigarettes, standardization in the manufacture of cannabinoid containing cigarettes is lacking. The numerous cannabis strains with variable cannabinoid content, differences in cultivation methods and variability in assembly associated with ...

suspension polymerization processes are significantly important in polymer bead formation. one of the important factors for bead size control in these processes is variation in surface tension. in this research, the prediction of optimum concentration of a surface active agent was investigated on the basis of the experimental surface tension diagrams. the experimental data show that the desired...