The World Wide Web has become the hotbed of a multi-billion dollar underground economy among cyber criminals whose victims range from individual Internet users to large corporations and even government organizations. As phishing attacks are increasingly being used by criminals to facilitate their cyber schemes, it is important to develop effective phishing detection tools. In this paper, we pro...

As web services such as Twitter, Facebook, Google, and Yahoo now dominate the daily activities of Internet users, cyber criminals have adapted their monetization strategies to engage users within these walled gardens. To facilitate access to these sites, an underground market has emerged where fraudulent accounts – automatically generated credentials used to perpetrate scams, phishing, and malw...

The level of human capital affects not only effective labor but also the productivity. Because the coordination and interaction between individuals cause spillover effects on production, higher level of human capital leads to higher productivity growth. The extent of this effect on productivity growth also depends on the characteristics of the markets. Entrepreneurs may conduct their businesses...

Phishing – a hotbed of multibillion dollar underground economy – has become an important cybersecurity problem. The centralized blacklist approach used by most web browsers usually fails to detect zero-day attacks, leaving the ordinary users vulnerable to new phishing schemes; therefore, learning machine based approaches have been implemented for phishing detection. Many existing techniques in ...

About 12 miles to the northeast of Carrizozo lies the “ghost town” of White Oaks. This once thriving mining community rests in a small valley surrounded by three wrinkled and rounded mountain peaks: the remains of a ancient cluster of laccoliths (see attached Figure 1). To the northwest lies Lone Mountain with its associated peak, Baxter Mountain, while to the southeast lies Patos Mountain and ...

Abstract—The reasons that explain different behaviors towards tax obligations in similar countries are not completely understood yet. The main purpose of this paper is to identify and compare the factors that influence tax morale levels in Portugal and Spain. We use data from European Values Study (EVS). Using a sample of 2,652 individuals, a factor analysis was used to extract the underlying d...

Underground displacement monitoring is a key means to monitor and evaluate geological disasters and geotechnical projects. There exist few practical instruments able to monitor subsurface horizontal and vertical displacements simultaneously due to monitoring invisibility and complexity. A novel underground displacement 3D measuring sensor had been proposed in our previous studies, and great eff...

With a growing need for usable land in urban areas, subterranean development has been gaining attention. While construction of large underground complexes is not a new concept, our understanding of various socio-cultural aspects of staying underground is still at a premature stage. With projected emergence of underground built environments, future populations may spend much more of their workin...

Dissatisfaction with work boot design is common in the mining industry. Many underground coal miners believe their work boots contribute to the high incidence of lower limb injuries they experience. Despite this, the most recent research to examine underground coal mining work boot satisfaction was conducted over a decade ago. This present study aimed to address this gap in the literature by as...

This study examines the determinants of shadow economy by employing Bayesian Model Averaging technique, which allows taking into account model uncertainty. Having estimated millions combinations models, revealed that while higher GDP growth rate, trade openness, and better institutional quality lead to reduction informal sector, rate unemployment, complicated regulations, large size government ...