For decades, the concept of roles has frequently been discussed in the literature of various fields of computer science, such as conceptual modelling and knowledge representation, but an integrative definition of the concept has not yet been accomplished. On the basis of an extensive literature review, a general approach to roles is elaborated, which includes a system of classification. The mot...

with the advent of constitutional revolution in iran and the increase in people’s knowledge, women’s status changed and ultimately improved. publishing newspaper was one of the women’s attempts to keep their rights. lady somayyeh kahhal was the first woman in this field, as well as ophthalmology in iran. she published the first specialized newspaper for women in iran under the title of danesh (...

a title sequence is the beginning and the audience’s first center of attention to the film, in which the film’s title, key production and cast and crew along with some special notions related to the film’s content are introduced through typography. a film title sequence may include live action, animation, music, still images and graphics. with the invention of the cinematograph, in order to ide...

Every domain-speci c ontology must use as a framework some upper-level ontology which describes the most general, domain-independent categories of reality. In the present paper we sketch a new type of upper-level ontology, which is intended to be the basis of a knowledge modelling language GOL (for: `General Ontological Language'). It turns out that the upperlevel ontology underlying standard m...