The cost-effectiveness of policies providing subsidized health goods is often compromised by the fact that many individuals do not use the goods provided. However, charging even nominal prices has been shown to significantly dampen overall take-up and may screen out many who would have used a good if freely provided. Applying an ordeal mechanism to the distribution of subsidized health goods ha...

———————————————————————————————————— Multilateral trade agreements, such as the GATT/WTO, have severely restricted the ability of countries to raise tariffs on imports. One of the few tools still available to policy makers under the WTO rules is antidumping law — and antidumping investigations have become a major impediment to free trade. The United States has initiated more than 1200 antidumpi...

BACKGROUND Policymakers and researchers frequently compare the prices of medicines between countries. Such comparisons often serve as barometers of how pricing and reimbursement policies are performing. The aim of this study was to examine methodological challenges to comparing generic drug prices. METHODS We calculated all commonly used price indices based on 2013 IMS Health data on sales of...

In his inaugural presidential address to the Population Association of America in 1978, Richard Easterlin challenged the orthodox neoclassical economic model of fertility originally suggested by Becker and subsequently elaborated by Becker and Lewis. While maintaining an economic approach to fertility, Easterlin's model was based upon the notion of material aspirations which changed systematic...

Abstract Indonesia produces around 45 MT of CPO in 2020. It is predicted that the demand world palm oil will remain. Most plantations are grown on acidic soils with low fertility levels, such as Peat soils, Podzolic and Acid sulfate soils. The domestic phosphate Kalium fertilizer still fulfilled by importation. Production had depend this fertilizer. Various research results have found fertilizi...

The construction of subsidized housing in Langsa City has increased, yet it fails to bridge the gap between demand and supply, especially metropolitan areas. To ensure development benefits community, careful attention is required. This study aimed identify most suitable area for its requirements City. Using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), assessed five criteria: accessibility, facilities in...