Despite the importance of pulmonary veins in normal lung physiology and the pathobiology of pulmonary hypertension with left heart disease (PH-LHD), pulmonary veins remain largely understudied. Difficult to identify histologically, lung venous endothelium or smooth muscle cells display no unique characteristic functional and structural markers that distinguish them from pulmonary arteries. To a...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebral veins show wide variation, and unexpected veins occasionally limit surgical procedures for clipping of cerebral aneurysms. This study was undertaken to assess the utility of three-dimensional CT angiography (3D-CTA) in the evaluation of venous anatomy before surgical clipping of cerebral aneurysms. METHODS 3D-CTA was performed in 19 patients before pterional cr...

finger vein is one of the most fitting biometric for identifying individuals. in this paper a new method for finger vein recognition is proposed. first the veins are extracted from finger vein images by using entropy based thresholding. in finger vein images the veins are appeared as dark lines. the method extracts veins as well, but the images are noisy, that means in addition to the veins the...

the borujerd complex of western iran is composed of intrusions and their surrounding contact aureole, with, pegmatites and quartz veins. pegmatites differ in mineralogy, origin and age, and two groups can be distinguished. the older pegmatites (about 120 ma age) intruded contact metamorphic rocks from the early magmatic stage, while the younger pegmatites (52-70 ma age) formed during the late m...

BACKGROUND The dilatation and tortuosity observed in varicose veins provide evidence for progressive venous wall remodeling associated with abnormalities of smooth muscle cells and extracellular matrix. The present study was designed to examine if the phenotypic modulations observed in the venous smooth muscle cells of patients with varicose veins were also present in their dermal fibroblasts. ...

Acetylcholine (ACh) induces nasal congestion at low doses but decongestion at high doses. The current study investigated the vascular mechanisms underlying this biphasic nasal airway response in dogs. Collecting and outflow veins from anterior and posterior nasal venous systems and the septal mucosa (containing sinusoidal venous plexuses) were isolated. The in vitro isometric tension of the vas...

Prostacyclin is the principal product of prostaglandin (PG) endoperoxide (PGH,) metabolism in rabbit mesenteric arteries and veins, as assessed by synthesis of 6-oxo-PGFla. Formation of PGE,, PGD,, PGFfc, and C17-hydroxyacid of PGH, (HHT) were also detected but arose probably from non-enzymic decomposition of PGH,. The effects of prostacyclin (PGI,), 6-oxo-PGFla and PGE, on sympathetic nerre fu...

INTRODUCTION Segmental ostial ablation to isolate pulmonary veins is guided by pulmonary vein potentials. The aim of this prospective randomized study was to compare the utility of unipolar plus bipolar electrograms versus only bipolar electrograms as a guide for segmental ablation to isolate the pulmonary veins in patients with atrial fibrillation. METHODS AND RESULTS Isolation of the left s...

Background: Pulmonary veins, normally two on each side bring oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium. During early embryonic life, absorption of pulmonary venous network by the left primitive atrial chamber results in opening of four pulmonary veins which drain independently into its chamber. The extent of absorption and hence, the number of pulmonary veins which open into left atrium may va...