Letters Rules of conscience Betray ethics, betray trust The harm caused by the interrogation methods described by Pope and Gutheil goes far beyond the considerable damage, sometimes fatal, of methods commonly understood to be torture. 1 When psychologists or doctors design and help to inflict such methods, they engage in three betrayals. They betray the trust and human rights of those who are t...

This paper discusses sexual behaviour findings collected through eleven homogenous focus group discussions conducted among women and men in a predominantly Zulu population in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The objective of this paper is to shed light on sexual behaviour in a rural community. The findings suggest that sex is a taboo subject and the discussion around it is concealed in the us...

OBJECTIVES To examine the complicity of British American Tobacco (BAT) in cigarette smuggling in Asia, and to assess the centrality of illicit trade to regional corporate strategy. METHODS Analysis of previously confidential documents from BAT's Guildford depository. An iterative strategy combined searches based on geography, organisational structure, and key personnel, while corporate euphem...

To the Editor: No one knows how many people die due to HIV-related causes in South Africa every year. According to the latest statistical release, HIV is the 9th leading underlying cause of death in the country.1 This is hard to believe. Research has shown that only about 25% of all deaths related to HIV are notified as such2 – either ‘HIV’ as an underlying or contributing cause of death is lef...

Optimization problems in various fields of science and engineering should be solved using appropriate methods. Stochastic search-based optimization algorithms are a widely used approach for solving problems. In this paper, new algorithm called “the good, the bad, ugly” optimizer (GBUO) is introduced, based on effect three members population updates. proposed GBUO, moves towards good member avoi...

Making a program robust is often a recipe for making it ugly: the core logic becomes hopelessly entwined with error handling, and quickly dwarfed by it. The concerns are hard to separate, since error checking may depend on earlier bits of core logic, and the core logic may assume error-free input. In this pearl we show, through two distinct but related examples, how to wield first-class control...