BACKGROUND In developed countries, typhoid fever is a travel-associated disease that is often overlooked. However, as standard blood and stool culture methods have relatively low sensitivity, diagnosis depends heavily on clinical signs and symptoms and on a high level of suspicion. METHODS Reported here is the case of an 18-year-old male who presented with fever and acute scrotal ulcers and w...

We review the significance of the Widal agglutination test in the diagnosis of typhoid fever. Over 100 years since its introduction as a serologic means of detecting the presence of typhoid fever, the Widal test continues to be plagued with controversies involving the quality of the antigens used and interpretation of the result, particularly in endemic areas. Areas of concern with clinical and...

on the serological diagnosis using the conventional Widal test, the correct interpretation of the results of which is beset with many difficulties. The discovery by Felix and Pitt (1934) of a Vi antigen of B. typhosus, and its serumcounterpart Vi antibody in the sera of typhoid patients and carriers, opened up a new serological approach to the problem of diagnosis of typhoid infection. Bensted ...

In 100 consecutive children aged below 18 years with confirmed typhoid fever, 29 had moderate hepatitis. Serum alanine amino transferase: lactate dehydrogenase (ALT: LDH) ratios of these 29 children at the time of hospitalization were compared with that of 29 children with acute viral hepatitis. The serum ALT: LDH ratio levels (expressed in multiples of upper limit of normal) was found to be le...

1. The resistance against toxic products of typhoid bacilli of the heart tissues of typhoid-immune animals is greater than that of nonimmunized animals. 2. The acquired increase of resisting power is specific. 3. The increased resistance is not caused by antitoxin, but by a specific biological alteration of tissue cells. 4. It is maintained that permanent acquired immunity, at least in typhoid,...

Typhoid (enteric) fever is still a common disease in many developing countries but current diagnostic tests are inadequate. Studies on pathogenesis and genomics have provided new insight into the organisms that cause enteric fever. Better understanding of the microorganisms explains, in part, why our current typhoid methodologies are limited in their diagnostic information and why developing ne...

Human beings are the only reservoir and host for typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella typhi and less commonly S. paratyphi B and S.paratyphiA. Typhoid fever is a serious disease occurring in many developing countries. It kills young adults at the beginning of their productive years, these people frequently are the main wage earners in the family which further magnifies the socioeconomic impact o...

Over a 26-year period, there were only twenty four cases of perforated typhoid that were operated at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. Four cases had incomplete data and were excluded from the study and only twenty cases were therefore included in the study. Of the twenty patients, there were 12 males and 8 females and the age range was between 11 and 45 years, with a mean of 25.65 yea...

Typhoid fever is a major cause of death worldwide with a major part of the disease burden in developing regions such as the Indian sub-continent. Bangladesh is part of this highly endemic region, yet little is known about the spatial and temporal distribution of the disease at a regional scale. This research used a Geographic Information System to explore, spatially and temporally, the prevalen...

1. Either phenol red or brom-cresol purple may be used as indicators in the preparation of lactose agar plates for the isolation of members of the typhoid-dysentery group of bacteria from stools. Of the two, brom-cresol purple gives sharper differentiation and is to be preferred. 2. These indicators exercise no restraining influence upon the growth of cultures of the typhoid bacillus or paratyp...