Most literature on special elections has focused first-past-the-post contests and the performance of governments. Turnout, candidates, how electoral system impacts result have received less attention. This contribution fills these voids by exploring in Ireland, conducted under alternative vote system. Taking a multifaceted approach, it investigates correlates turnout, impact candidates decisive...

Abstract In many democracies, gender differences in voter turnout have narrowed or even reversed. Yet, it appears that women participate more some circumstances and men others. Here we study how life trajectories – specifically, marriage having children will impact male female differently, depending on household-level context. To this end, leverage a unique administrative panel dataset from Ita...