A microfluidic system to sense chemical and biological analytes using membranes dissolvable by the analyte is demonstrated. The scheme to detect the dissolution of the membrane is based on the difference in optical absorption of the membrane and the fluidic sample being assayed. The presence of the analyte in the sample chemically cleaves the membrane and causes the sample to flow into the memb...

.......................................................................................... v CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.................................................................. 1 CHAPTER 2: LABUSCH PARAMETER AND CAMPBELL PENETRATION DEPTH.......................................................... 6 Introduction...................................................................................

Intense x-ray sources coupled with efficient, high-speed x-ray imagers are opening new possibilities of high-speed time resolved experiments. The silicon pixel array detector ~PAD! is an extremely flexible technology which is currently being developed as a fast imager. We describe the architecture of the Cornell PAD, which is capable of operating with submicrosecond frame times. This 100 392 pi...

A novel, pulse-modulated spectroscopic system for measuring fractional leghemoglobin oxygenation and infected cell O(2) concentration (O(i)) in intact attached nodules of soybean (Glycine max) is described. The system is noninvasive and uses a pulsed (1000 Hertz) light-emitting diode coupled to an optical fiber to illuminate the nodule with light at 660 nanometer. A second optical fiber receive...

Our goal is to develop a rectifying antenna (rectenna) applicable to solar spectrum energy harvesting. In particular, we aim to demonstrate viable techniques for converting portion of the solar spectrum not efficiently converted to electric power by current photovoltaic approaches. Novel design guidelines are suggested for rectifying antenna coupled tunneling diodes. We propose a new geometric ...

We investigate high brightness pumping of a multi-kW Yb fiber amplifier in a bi-directional pumping configuration. Each pump outputs 2 kW in a 200 μm, 0.2 NA multi-mode fiber. Gold-coated specialty gain fibers, with 17 m MFD and 5-dB/meter pump absorption, have been developed. The maximum fiber amplifier output power is 3.1 kW, limited by multi-mode instability, with 90% O-O efficiency 12 GHz ...

An Yb:glass regenerative amplifier directly side pumped by four 20-W diodes is demonstrated. By use of a novel pumping scheme and introduction of cylindrical optics into the cavity, a free-running average output power as great as 4 W with a TEM(00) -like mode was achieved from the bare cavity, with a 0.56 pump duty cycle. When the regenerative amplifier injected, 1-mJ 200-fs FWHM pulses were ob...

A diode-pumped system for optical parametric generation of wavelength-tunable femtosecond pulses is demonstrated. It comprises an Er-doped fiber mode-locked laser, a fiber chirped-pulse amplifier, and a bulk periodically poled LiNbO(3) (PPLN) optical parametric generator. The parametric generator is pumped at 777 nm with frequency-doubled microjoule pulses from the fiber amplifier and produces ...

Abstract The concept, state of the art, and future development directions of hybrid semiconductor integrated circuits (HySICs), which combine RF-CMOS ICs with compound semiconductor monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) are described in this paper, taking up recent wireless technologies as example applications. It is shown that ICs with superior function can be designed by mixing the...

The recent trend in modern information technology has been towards the increased use of portable and handheld devices such as cellular telephones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and wireless networks. This trend presents the need for compact and power efficient radio systems. Typically, the most power inefficient device in a radio system is the power amplifier (PA). PA inefficiency require...