background: invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common type of breast cancer in iran. impaired immune responses occur frequently in cancer patients, but the mechanisms of the induced immune defects remain poorly understood. it is believed that infiltrated immune cells, especially macrophages, may provide help for tumor cell growth and metastasis.   objective: to analyze the status of tumor as...

 Gingiva is a common region of inflammatory and reactive lesions. Systemic conditions, including hormonal imbalance in pregnant women, may cause exaggerated response to irritations such as calculus or infection. Therefore, more accurate assessment is necessary to achieve the best decision making in the differential diagnosis and treatment of these patients. In this paper, we present a rea...

introduction: a keratocystic odontogenic tumor is a benign intra-bone mass originating from dental lamina or its residue. it represents 2–11% of jaw cysts, and has a slow but aggressive growth. the evaluation of molecular characteristics, immunohistochemistry, and genetic expression currently have no established classification regarding the evolution and pathophysiologic pattern of these lesion...

conclusions pnet/ews should be included in the differential diagnosis of renal tumors in symptomatic young adults. patients with localised pnet/ews treated with a combination of surgery and chemotherapy have an excellent chance of long-term survival, as in the case we have presented. introduction primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pnet)/ewing’s sarcoma (ews) belongs to a family of neoplasms that ...

introduction:neurogenic mediastinal tumors comprise a wide range of benign and malignant diseases. a group of these tumors, located at thoracic apex, sometimes spread to cervical spaces causing numerous surgical difficulties. in thoracotomy approaches, due to proximity of the tumors to major blood vessels, complete removal of these tumors from cervical spaces is impossible or may cause intraope...

introduction: different imaging modalities are used to evaluate salivary gland diseases, including tumors. ultrasonography (us) is the preferred method on account of its ease of use, affordability, safety profile, and good tolerance among patients. the aim of this study was to evaluate the role of us in differentiating malignant from benign parotid tumors, in the context of previous controversy...

introduction: notochord. although histologically benign, these tumors are locally aggressiveand present significant managment challenges . there arew some studies onevaluated the location, age and gender of the patients with chordoma in tworeferral centers in tehran.chordoma cases but there was no study about iranian cases. in this study weskull base chordomas are rare neoplasms arising from th...

Tumor gangliosides are highly immunosuppressive membrane glycosphingolipids that are shed into the tumor cell microenvironment. We directly tested the impact of shed gangliosides on the in vivo antitumor immune response in a syngeneic fully autochthonous system (FBL-3 erythroleukemia cells, C57BL/6 mice, and highly purified FBL-3 cell gangliosides). The major FBL-3 ganglioside was identified as...