Tan spot (TS), caused by the fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died) Drechs, is an important foliar disease of wheat and has become a threat to world wheat production since the 1970s. In this study a globally diverse pre-1940s collection of 247 wheat genotypes was evaluated against Ptr ToxA, P. tritici-repentis race 1, and stem rust to determine if; (i) acquisition of Ptr ToxA by the P. trit...

A 200-kHz echosounder modified to digitize the envelope of the received echoes directly into a computer was used to measure the ex situ target strength ~TS! of live animals from the Hawaiian mesopelagic boundary community as a function of animal size, tilt and roll angle, and biological classification. Dorsal aspect TS ~in dB//1 m! at 200 kHz was related to the animal’s length: myctophid fish T...

Previous studies showed that thymidylate synthase (TS), as an RNA binding protein, regulates its own synthesis by impairing the translation of TS mRNA. In this report, we present evidence that p53 expression is affected in a similar manner by TS. For these studies, we used a TS-depleted human colon cancer HCT-C cell that had been transfected with either the human TS cDNA or the Escherichia coli...

Eukaryotic topoisomerases I (topo I) and II (topo II) relax the positive (+) and negative (-) DNA torsional stress (TS) generated ahead and behind the transcription machinery. It is unknown how this DNA relaxation activity is regulated and whether (+) and (-)TS are reduced at similar rates. Here, we used yeast circular minichromosomes to conduct the first comparative analysis of topo I and topo...

A rat colon tumour model of liver metastases was used to administer 5-fluorouracil (5FU) by intraperitoneal (i.p.) bolus injection (50 mg/kg), isolated liver perfusion (ILP, 150 mg/kg) and hepatic artery infusion (HAI, 50 mg/kg). The biochemical effect of 5FU, delivered by different routes, on its target enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS) was studied in both tumour and normal tissues of the rat. ...

PURPOSE Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the target enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and TS expression may determine clinical response and survival after therapy with 5-FU in colorectal cancer. 5-FU is also widely used in the adjuvant therapy of pancreatic cancer. Therefore, we explored the hypothesis that TS expression was associated with patient prognosis and the response to adjuvant therapy in ...

Trypanosoma cruzi infection is controlled but not eliminated by host immunity. The T. cruzi trans-sialidase (TS) gene superfamily encodes immunodominant protective antigens, but expression of altered peptide ligands by different TS genes has been hypothesized to promote immunoevasion. We molecularly defined TS epitopes to determine their importance for protection versus parasite persistence. Pe...

Tobacco smoke (TS) exposure induces airway hyperreactivity, particularly in sensitive individuals with asthma. However, the mechanism of this airway hyperreactivity is not well understood. To investigate the relative susceptibility of atopic and nonatopic individuals to TS-induced airway hyperreactivity, we exposed ovalbumin (OA)-sensitized and nonsensitized guinea pigs to TS exposure (5 mg/l a...

Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a well-validated target for cancer chemotherapy. TS was established as the principal target of the widely used anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5FU). The 5FU metabolite FdUMP forms a covalent complex with TS that is stabilized by 5-formyl tetrahydrofolate (leucovorin; LV). Numerous chemical strategies have been employed to develop novel TS inhibitors that are superio...

This study demonstrates the potential of the oleaginous fungus Mucor circinelloides for synthesizing oil rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids when cultivated in thin stillage (TS) and centrifuged thin stillage (CTS) from corn-to-ethanol production. Biomass yield, oil yield and its EPA content were studied at different cultivation periods and carbon to nitrogen ratios. The fungal biomass yield (g...