________________________________________ In recent years many social scientists have come to realize the value of a theoretical framework that uses traditional game-theoretic concepts to model the environment in which decisions are made, and of meticulous and careful experimental work on interactive decisions. Our common hope is that a combination of these two components would lead to breakthro...

We derive a unified statistical method with which one can produce substantially improved definitions and estimates of almost any feature of two-party electoral systems that can be defined based on district vote shares. Our single method enables one to calculate more efficient estimates, with more trustworthy assessments of their uncertainty, than each of the separate multifarious existing measu...

This study evaluates people’s concerns for distributive fairness (equality of outcomes and payoffs to those worse-off) and reciprocal fairness (receiving what one is due based on one’s past actions) using dictator, ultimatum, and trust games. In the dictator games we classify individuals’ preferences as self-interested, inequity averse, efficiency maximizing, or compassionate social surplus max...

The variance of job sojourn time (or waiting time) is used, either explicitly or implicitly, as an indication of unfairness perhaps for as long as queueing theory exists. In this work we demonstrate that this quantity has a disadvantage as an unfairness metric, since it is not local to the busy period in which it is measured. It therefore may account for job discrepancies which are not relevant...

Despite a significant amount of theoretical and empirical attention, the connection between justice and trust remains poorly understood. Our study utilized Mayer, Davis, and Schoorman’s (1995) distinction between trustworthiness (the ability, benevolence, and integrity of a trustee) and trust (a willingness to be vulnerable to the trustee) to clarify that connection. More specifically, we drew ...

CONTEXT Trust is the cornerstone of the patient-physician relationship. Payment methods that place physicians at financial risk have raised concerns about patients' trust in physicians to act in patients' best interests. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the extent to which methods of physician payment are related to patient trust. DESIGN Cross-sectional telephone interview survey done between January ...

PURPOSE If public trust in health care is to be used as a performance indicator for health care systems, its measurement has to be sensitive to changes in the health care system. For this purpose, this study has monitored public trust in health care in The Netherlands over an eight-year period, from 1997 to 2004. The study expected to find a decrease in public trust, with a low point in 2002. ...

We present a model for trustworthy communication with respect to security and privacy in heterogeneous networks. In general, existing privacy protocols assume independently operated nodes spread over the Internet. Most of the analysis of these protocols has assumed a fraction of colluding nodes picked at random. While these approaches provide promising guarantees of anonymity for such attack mo...