This article examines the application of theory critical strain energy levels to determination limiting states rod systems. A redundant truss is chosen illustrate peculiarities changes in self-stressing structure at levels. The removal ties when they reach their stress or limits leads a change state self-stress structure, which illustrated by rods trusses. matrix notation governing equations fo...

Categorical aspects of the theory modules over trusses are studied. Tensor product is defined and its existence established. In particular, it shown that bimodules form a monoidal category. Truss versions Eilenberg-Watts theorem Morita equivalence formulated. Projective small-projective their properties

As buildings become increasingly complex, construction monitoring using various sensors is urgently needed for both more systematic and accurate safety management and high-quality productivity in construction. In this study, a monitoring system that is composed of a laser displacement sensor (LDS) and a wireless sensor node was proposed and applied to an irregular building under construction. T...

There are two popular methods concerning the optimal design of structures. The first is the minimization of the volume of the structure under stress constraints. The second is the minimization of the compliance for a given volume. For multiple load cases an arising issue is which energy quantity should be the objective function. Regarding the sizing optimization EPSRC grant EP/E004547/1. A. Mak...

Ni-Mn-Ga magnetic shape memory alloy (SMA) micro-trusses, suitable for high magnetic field induced strains and/or a large magnetocaloric effect, are created via a new additive manufacturing method combining (i) 3D-printing of ~400 mm struts with an ink containing a polymer binder and elemental Ni, Mn, and Ga powders, (ii) binder burn-out and metallic powder interdiffusion and homogenization to ...

Quantifying the relevance of different plant traits for yield and quality under different growth conditions can improve the efficiency of a breeding programme. Crop models are powerful tools to give guidance to breeding, because model calculations enable the analysis of many different situations (sensitivity analysis and scenario studies). Three case studies of using crop growth models to evalu...