local food production can be seen worldwide, and there are several local wisdoms on food production. there are many problems on local food production, including the problem of microbiological contamination, which is considered a great concern. the safety consideration is required. in the tropical world, the problem of local tropical food production should be specially discussed. there are many ...

Development Progress is an ODI project that aims to measure, understand and communicate where and how progress has been made in development. ODI is the UK's leading independent think tank on international development and humanitarian issues. Further ODI materials are available at odi.org.uk • Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) have a direct impact on the achievement of the Millennium Developmen...

Droughts are one of the most damaging climatic phenomena, and the most complex natural hazard  which affects the economy, agriculture, public health and environment in large areas. The aim of this study is to compare drought indicators derived from tropical rainfall measuring mission (TRMM) data in the south of Iran. Also the TRMM rainfall was considered, so as to investigate changes in the rai...

Maize is one of the important cereals in world after rice and wheat. It grown for grain as well fodder tropical, sub-tropical temperate regions World. The reduction maize productivity under drought stress conditions depends on different factors such plant development stage, intensity duration water deficit, varietal sensitivity to stress. Drought major constraints agriculture where limited avai...

The objective of this study was to assess the importance of stay-green on grain yield under heat and combined heat and drought stress and to identify the associated vegetative indices allowing higher throughput in order to facilitate the identification of climate resilient germplasm. Hybrids of tropical and subtropical adaptation were evaluated under heat and combined heat and drought stress in...

Drought stress has often caused significant decreases in crop production which could be associated with global warming. Enhancing drought tolerance without a grain yield penalty has been a great challenge in crop improvement. Here, we report the Arabidopsis thaliana galactinol synthase 2 gene (AtGolS2) was able to confer drought tolerance and increase grain yield in two different rice (Oryza sa...

in the present study, randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity in 20 varieties of philodendron. the polymerase chain reaction was performed with 60 rapd primers, out of which 21 primers showed clear amplification as well as more polymorphism. in total, 354 scorable rapd loci with 348 polymorphic bands (98%) were observed. percentages of polymo...

human t-cell lymphotropic virus (htlv) types 1 and 2 belong to the oncorna group of retroviridae, a large family of viruses, grouped initially by pathogenic features, but later revised on the basis of genome structure and nucleotide sequence. htlv-i was the first discovered human retrovirus to be associated with a malignancy in 1980. the malignancy, first described by uchiyama and co-workers in...

Seasonal climate refers to average conditions in the atmosphere and ocean over time scales of the order of three months. When considering risks associated with seasonal climate we are concerned with deviations from normal conditions, or ‘climate anomalies’. Summers that are hotter than usual, extended drought conditions and exceptionally active tropical cyclone seasons are examples of seasonal ...