Mammalian spermatozoa are extremely susceptible to high doses of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential role of glutamine in protecting rabbit spermatozoa against ROS stress during cryopreservation and post-thaw incubation. Freshly ejaculated semen was diluted with Tris-citrate-glucose extender supplemented with glutamine. The addition of 20...

The objective of the present study was to determine an optimum temperature and extender for short-term transport of canine ejaculated semen. There was no significant difference in the qualities of semen diluted with two kinds of extender, egg yolk Tris-citrate fructose (EYT-FC) or glucose (EYT-GC) extender, between the 2, 8 or 12 and the 4°C control groups during storage for up to 48 hr, while ...

The asbABCDEF gene cluster from Bacillus anthracis is responsible for biosynthesis of petrobactin, a catecholate siderophore that functions in both iron acquisition and virulence in a murine model of anthrax. We initiated studies to determine the biosynthetic details of petrobactin assembly based on mutational analysis of the asb operon, identification of accumulated intermediates, and addition...

Although it is well known that citrate stimulates the growth of acid fast bacteria, the metabolic role of citrate is still obscure in this bacterial group. Washed suspensions of mycobacteria either fail to oxidize citrate or oxidize this substance slowly (Edson, 1951). On the other hand, clarified extracts of mycobacteria oxidize citrate to a-ketoglutarate (Geronimus, Gray, and Birkeland, 1949;...

Bacillus subtilis 168 was assayed for growth on TCA cycle intermediates and related compounds as sole carbon source. Growth was supported by citrate, D-isocitrate, succinate, fumarate and L-malate, whereas no growth was observed in the presence of cis-aconitate, αketoglutarate, D-malate, oxaloacetate and tricarballylate. Growth on the tricarboxylates citrate and D-isocitrate required the presen...

A new differential and selective medium, DYS agar, was developed and evaluated from the isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica. Ther bile salts content of the medium resulted in high selectivity, and inclusion of arabinose, lysine, and arginine rendered Y. Enterocolitica very distinct from Proteus spp., Pseudomonas spp., and other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. DYS medium was more effi...

Bacillus subtilis 168 was assayed for its growth on tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates and related compounds as the sole carbon sources. Growth of the organism was supported by citrate, D-isocitrate, succinate, fumarate and L-malate, whereas no growth was observed in the presence of cis-aconitate,2-oxoglutarate, D-malate, oxaloacetate and tricarballylate. Growth of the organism on the...

Anaerobic growth of Aerobacter aerogenes on citrate as a carbon source required the presence of Na(+). The growth rate increased with increasing Na(+) concentration and was optimal at 0.10 m Na(+). The requirement was specific for Na(+), which could not be replaced by K(+), NH(4) (+), Li(+), Rb(+), or Cs(+). K(+) was required for growth in the presence of Na(+), the optimal K(+) concentration b...

1. The enzymes in ultrasonically prepared extracts of Chloropseudomonas ethylicum were studied to elucidate how this organism assimilates acetate and carbon dioxide and why it cannot grow with either of these two compounds alone. 2. Such extracts can (i) convert acetate and oxaloacetate into alpha-oxoglutarate, (ii) convert oxaloacetate into succinyl-CoA, (iii) convert phosphopyruvate into 3-ph...

This study investigated the optimization of D-lactic acid production from unutilized biomass, specifically banana peel and corncob by multiple parallel fermentation (MPF) with Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Aspergillus awamori. The factors involved in MPF that were assessed in this study comprised banana peel and corncob, KH2PO4, Tween 80, MgSO4·7H2O, NaCl, yeast extract, and diammonium hydrogen...