BACKGROUND To assess the effect of previous antibiotic use on the risk of a resistant Escherichia coli urinary tract infection (UTI), we undertook a case-control study with prospective measurement of outcomes in 10 general practices in the UK. METHODS Urinary samples from all patients with symptoms suggestive of UTIs were sought, and those with a laboratory-proven E. coli infection were inter...

The complex of Lactobacillus casei dihydrofolate reductase with trimethoprim and NADP+ exists in solution as a mixture of approximately equal amounts of two slowly interconverting conformational states [Gronenborn, A., Birdsall, B., Hyde, E. I., Roberts, G. C. K., Feeney, J., & Burgen, A. S. V. (1981) Mol. Pharmacol. 20, 145]. These have now been further characterized by multinuclear NMR experi...

BACKGROUND U.S. emergency department visits for cutaneous abscess have increased with the emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The role of antibiotics for patients with a drained abscess is unclear. METHODS We conducted a randomized trial at five U.S. emergency departments to determine whether trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (at doses of 320 mg and 1600 mg, respectiv...

The persistence of Vibrio cholerae, biotype el tor, in a patient treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was due to the acquisition of a conjugative resistance plasmid. The plasmid, with a molecular size of 72 megadaltons, belonged to incompatibility group 6-C and conferred resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, sulfonamide, and trimethoprim.