Calcium (Ca2+) is a second messenger for plant cell surface and intracellular receptors mediating pattern-triggered effector-triggered immunity (respectively, PTI ETI). Several CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-GATED CHANNELS (CNGCs) were shown to control transient cytosolic Ca2+ influx upon activation. The contributions of specific CNGC members ETI remain unclear. ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBLITY1 (EDS1) regula...

The need for evidence concerning ICT’s positive effects on learning has been recognised since the early instances of computer aided learning (Rushby 1979), yet over the past 25 years, the results of our quest for such evidence have been less than overwhelming. Yet it seems that increasing numbers of educators are convinced of ICT’s potential and, despite our inability to demonstrate clear gains...

Wireless telecommunications started as an offshoot of wireline telephony and with the absence of global standards resulted in regional standardization. Two major mobile telecommunication standards have dominated the global wireless market, namely, TDMA/CDMA developed by TIA in North America and GSM developed by ETSI in Europe. As we move toward 3 generation wireless, there is a need to develop ...

Technology has characteristics of inducing changes under competitive environment due to its dynamic property of being modified and accelerated over time. In order to improve profitability, the evaluation of technology transfer adoption (TTA) is very important for determining the weights of TTA factors, the influence of the organizational factors (i.e., the measures of TTA dimension) such as chi...

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We describe formal verification of some of the key algorithms in the Time-Triggered Architecture (TTA) for real-time safety-critical control applications. Some of these algorithms pose formidable challenges to current techniques and have been formally verified only in simplified form or under restricted fault assumptions. We describe what has been done and what remains to be done and indicate s...

In its simplicity and testability, Flor's gene-for-gene hypothesis has been a powerful driver in plant immunity research for decades. Once the molecular underpinnings of gene-for-gene resistance had come into sharper focus, there was a reassessment of Flor's hypothesis and a name change to effector-triggered immunity. As implied by the name change and exemplified by pioneering studies, plant im...