The persistence of herbicides applied in vineyards has become a concern in recent years due to their wide use. Investigations into the fate of herbicides in a vineyard in the Barossa Valley, South Australia, have been directed towards the dissipation of herbicides in soil and on grapes. Concentrations of the herbicides, norflurazon, oxadiazon, and oxyfluorfen in soil were monitored following th...

New methods were developed to determine photolysis rates of medium-weight pesticides in the gas phase using elevated air temperatures and solid-phase microextraction (SPME). A 57-L glass chamber was constructed that utilized collimated xenon arc irradiation that could heat chamber air to increase the amount of pesticide in the gas phase. Gas-phase photolysis rates were determined at various air...

Adaptation of microbial communities to faster degradation of xenobiotic compounds after exposure to the compound was studied in ecocores. Radiolabeled test compounds were added to cores that contained natural water and sediment. Adaptation was detected by comparing mineralization rates or disappearance of a parent compound in preexposed and unexposed cores. Microbial communities in preexposed c...

Because of the increasing number of glyphosate-resistant weeds, alternate herbicide-resistant crops and herbicides with different modes of action are required to protect crop yield. Glufosinate is a broad-spectrum POST herbicide for weed control in glufosinate-resistant crops, including soybean. The objective of this study was to compare herbicide programs with glufosinate applied singly at lat...

abstract limited number of herbicides are used to control weeds in soybean, which has herbicides resistance in consequence, so cultural weed management can be used in order to evaluate the effect of planting dates of soybean cultivars on weed management an experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design (rcbd) with four replications and with strip plot arrangement in sari. two plan...