This study evaluated the effects of seasonal phenology on the substrate quality of susceptible hosts to the pine engraver, Ips pini (Say). We also determined the effects of the duration and method of storage on host quality for purposes of laboratory rearing. Live red pine trees were felled at various times during the season, and I. pini adults from a laboratory colony were established on the l...

Game trees are widely used as models of various decision-making situations. Empirical results with game-playing computer programs have led to the general belief that searching deeper on a game tree improves the quality of a decision. The surprising result of the research summarized in this paper is that there is an infinite class of game trees for which increasing the search depth does not impr...

Approximating stochastic processes by scenario trees is important in decision analysis. In this paper we focus on improving the approximation quality of trees by smaller, tractable trees. In particular we propose and analyze an iterative algorithm to construct improved approximations: given a stochastic process in discrete time and starting with an arbitrary, approximating tree, the algorithm i...

Tree-to-tree machine translation (MT) that utilizes syntactic parse trees on both source and target sides suffers from the non-isomorphism of the parse trees due to parsing errors and the difference of annotation criterion between the two languages. In this paper, we present a method that projects dependency parse trees from the language side that has a high quality parser, to the side that has...

abstract the oak leafroller moth , tortrix viridana l. is a destructive pest within it’s spreading area which invades the oak species, especially in west and northwest forests of iran, in recent years. some parts of west azarbayjan’s forests which are located in piranshahr and sardasht region have been affected by this pest since 1989 that oak trees vigor and survival have been gone down result...

Learning Bayesian networks with bounded tree-width has attracted much attention recently, because low tree-width allows exact inference to be performed efficiently. Some existing methods [24, 29] tackle the problem by using k-trees to learn the optimal Bayesian network with tree-width up to k. Finding the best k-tree, however, is computationally intractable. In this paper, we propose a sampling...

We establish counting formulas and bijections for deformations of the braid arrangement. Precisely, we consider real hyperplane arrangements such that all the hyperplanes are of the form xi − xj = s for some integer s. Classical examples include the braid, Catalan, Shi, semiorder and Linial arrangements, as well as graphical arrangements. We express the number of regions of any such arrangement...