The utilization of graphene oxide (GO) thin films as the hole transport and electron blocking layer in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) is demonstrated. The incorporation of GO deposited from neutral solutions between the photoactive poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) layer and the transparent and conducting indium tin oxide (ITO) leads to a decrease in recomb...

Current network stacks based on the classic OSI layered reference model are restricted and inflexible, which makes the addition and deployment of new features difficult. Operating systems offer an interface for the Transport Layer functionalities to applications. The usage of this interface is very widespread, making it useful to maintain this interface. However, the layered structure should be...

The reliability of data transfer is vital for commercial and enterprise applications of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Likewise, mission-oriented and critical military applications of these networks demand dependable and timely data transport. This reliability is required for in-bound data, from Internet node to sensor nodes which comprises of code updates, as well as for out-bound data from s...

The objectives of a transport layer protocol include the setting up of an end-to-end connection, end-to-end delivery of data packets, flow control, and congestion control. There exist simple, unreliable, and connection-less transport layer protocols such as UDP, and reliable, byte-stream-based, and connection-oriented transport layer protocols such as TCP for wired networks. These traditional w...

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is the gatekeeper of the nucleus, capable of actively discriminating between the active and inert cargo while accommodating a high rate of translocations. The biophysical mechanisms underlying transport, however, remain unclear due to the lack of information about biophysical factors playing role in transport. Based on published experimental data, we have establis...

Multicast transport of audio and video is becoming an important application for IP-based networks. A desired application-level QoS can be achieved by network-layer QoS provision, by transport-layer error control, or by a combination of both. The most suitable approach depends on the tariffs set by the provider for network services with different QoS, the overhead introduced by error control, an...