When the body is attacked by a bacterial infection, it initiates a series of events designed to eradicate the infection while causing minimal damage to the body. Our goal is to investigate the defenses of the organ walls to the spread of infection. To do this we have chosen to model a volume of the body that includes the organ wall, the lumen outside of it and the blood and tissue within it. We...

The stress and strain that remain in an organ when the external load is removed are called residual stress and strain. They can be revealed by cutting up the organ in such a way as to reveal the zero-stress configuration. The function of the organ depends on the residual strain. For a blood vessel, the zero-stress configuration is very different from that of the no-load condition, and it change...

Functional diversification of duplicated genes can contribute to the emergence of new organ morphologies. Model eudicot plants like Arabidopsis thaliana and Antirrhinum majus have a single PI/GLO gene that together with AP3/DEF regulate petal and stamen formation. Lodicules of grass flowers are morphologically distinct reduced organs occupying the position of petals in other flowers. They serve...

Handedness of the vertebrate body plan critically depends on transient embryonic structures/organs that generate cilia-dependent leftward fluid flow within constrained extracellular environments. Although the function of ciliated organs in laterality determination has been extensively studied, how they are formed during embryogenesis is still poorly understood. Here we show that Kupffer's vesic...

BACKGROUND The influence of donor-side regulation toward recipient antigens on graft outcome is poorly understood. METHODS Because this influence might be due in part to the accumulation of tissue-resident memory T cells in the donor organ, we used a standard murine tolerization model (donor-specific transfusion plus CD40L blockade) to determine the kinetics of development and peripheralizati...

In order to examine the effect of the quantity of Nitrogen fertilizer and bush density on vegetative and productive function of henna medicinal plant (Lawsonia inermis)  factorial experimentation in the form of block plan was carried in three stages in agriculture research center in south of kerman  province in corp of 2012. The first factor containing Nitrogen fertilizer in 4 levels i...

The causal relationship between cell division and growth in plants is complex. Although altered expression of cell-cycle genes frequently leads to altered organ growth, there are many examples where manipulation of the division machinery leads to a limited outcome at the level of organ form, despite changes in constituent cell size. One possibility, which has been under-explored, is that altere...

We studied metabolic abnormalities of postoperative organ failure in 55 patients and classified them into four groups according to the postoperative changes in the arterial blood-ketone body ratio (acetoacetic acid-beta-hydroxybutyric acid) reflecting hepatic mitochondrial redox potential: patients in group A had no decrease below 0.7, patients in group B had a transient decrease to 0.4, patien...