background: leukoplakia is a common, potentially premalignant lesion with malignant transformation rate from 1 to 17% with highest transformation rate for the lesions on the floor of the mouth, soft palate and tongue. one of the main etiological factors is consuming areca nut and its commercial preparations which generate high levels of reactive oxygen species during their metabolism. so the ai...

An extremely fine, fully pearlitic structure with an interlamellar spacing 30–50 nm has been obtained during continuous cooling transformation at a rate as low as 0.1 C s, of the steel that is normally used to produce nanostructured bainite. The solutes cobalt and aluminium have been added to accelerate the rate of reaction and reduce the interlamellar spacing by increasing the free energy of t...

Byte pair encoding (BPE) algorithm was suggested by P. Gage is to achieve data compression. It encodes all instances of most frequent byte-pair using zerofrequency byte in the source data. This process is repeated for maximum m possible number of passes until no further compression is possible, either because there are no more frequently occurring byte pairs or there are no more unused zero-fre...

Genetic transformation of Thiobacaillus thioparus auxotrophs to prototrophy was obtained at frequencies of up to 10(-2) when proliferating cell populations were exposed to chromosomal DNA from a nutritionally independent strain of the same bacterium. The rate at which transformation occurred depended on recipient growth rate and could be drastically reduced by depriving otherwise competent cell...

The mechanical properties of the high-strength low-alloy pipeline steels were mainly controlled by the subsequent phase transformations after rolling. The influence of hot uniaxial compression on the phase transformation of acicular ferrite was explored by viewing of the deformation degree, the deformation temperature, and the strain rate. The results show that the increase of deformation amoun...

Phase transitions in Li-ion electrode materials during (dis)charge are decisive for battery performance, limiting high-rate capabilities and playing a crucial role in the cycle life of Li-ion batteries. However, the difficulty to probe the phase nucleation and growth in individual grains is hindering fundamental understanding and progress. Here we use synchrotron microbeam diffraction to disclo...

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We have investigated the increased rate of glycolysis following transformation of chick embryo fibroblasts by Rous sarcoma virus. In both normal and transformed cells the regeneration of adenosine 5 -diphosphate and orthophosphate was found to be the rate-limiting factor for glycolysis. The plasma membrane Na -K -adenosine5 -triphosphatase (ATPase) was a major contributor to adenosine 5 -diphos...