from sep. 1984 to aug. 1990,99 patients were treated for ureteral stone using the urekroscope. in five patients ureteroscopy was repeated for a second stone. in one patient the procedure was diagnostic in nature and in the rest of the patients it had a curative value. in 60 patients the stone was removed by electrohydraulic and basket combination and in25 cases, dilatation alone was enough. rat...

b a c k ground: over the past decades, instruments and techniques of the transsphenoidal approach have improved greatly. all of these procedures, whether microscopic or endoscopic, must pass through the sphenoid sinus to reach the lesions. the sphenoid sinus is surrounded by several vital anatomical structures. knowing the details of the anatomy of the sphenoid sinus and the extent of pneumatiz...

fennel (foeniculum vulgare mill.) is an industrial medicinal plant with different pharmaceutical and food applications. in this study, the leaf essential oil composition of 12 iranian accessions of fennel collected from different geographical regions was assessed. the essential oil yield of fennel leaves ranged from 0.65% (varamin accession) to 2.03% (tabriz accession). trans-anethole, fenchone...

background: there is a little data on coxiella burnetii (q fever agent) in iran. ticks may play a significant role in the transmission of c. burnetii among animals . the aim of this study was to use polymerase chain reaction for the detec­tion of c. burnetii in ticks collected in southeast iran. methods : one hundred and sixty ticks were collected from domestic animals in three localities of ke...

The absorption of light by rhodopsin leads to the cis-to-trans isomerization of the chromophore to generate all-trans-retinal. In the visual cycle, the resultant all-trans-retinal is converted back into the 11-cis-retinal. In the mammalian eye, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) plays an essential role in the visual cycle. We have identified cDNA clones encoding three putative visual cycle pr...

We study the bifurcation of local critical periods in the differential system { ẋ = −y +Bxn−1y, ẏ = x+Dx + Fxn−2y2, where B,D,F ∈ R and n > 3 is a fixed natural number. Here by “local” we mean in a neighbourhood of the center at the origin. For n even we show that at most two local critical periods bifurcate from a weak center of finite order or from the linear isochrone, and at most one local ...

Objective(s): Newer organo-metallic, specifically gold (III) complexes with multiple ligands are currently being formulated with primary focus of having increased anti-cancerous properties and decreased cytotoxicity. In this study, histological toxicity profile of a newly formulated anti-cancerous gold (III) compound [trans-(±)-1,2-(DACH)2Au]Cl3 Bis(trans-1,2-Diaminocyclohexane) was investigate...

SUMMARY: A rare case of trans-radial styloid, trans-scaphoid. trans-triquetral perilunate dislocation is described. The injury was treated by reduction and internal fixation using a Herbert screw and Kirschner wire. A good functional result was achieved. A review of the literature illustrates that early surgery is recommended. Alternative su rgical approaches are discussed. Case Report A twenty...