Except for honey as food, and silk for clothing and pollination of plants, people give little thought to the benefits of insects in their lives. This overview briefly describes significant recent advances in developing insect natural products as potential new medicinal drugs. This is an exciting and rapidly expanding new field since insects are hugely variable and have utilised an enormous rang...

Nature has been a source of medicinal agents for thousands of years and an impressive number of modern drugs have been isolated from natural sources, many based on their use in traditional medicine. It has been noted that the original source of many important pharmaceuticals in current use have been plants used by indigenous people [1]. It has been reported that about 64% of the total global po...

Herbs and spices have been used since ancient times, because of their antimicrobial properties increasing the safety and shelf life of food products by acting against foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria. Plants have historically been used in traditional medicine as sources of natural antimicrobial substances for the treatment of infectious disease. Therefore, much attention has been paid ...

A major hurdle that humbles the modernization of traditional Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is the inconsistency of chemical composition, which is inevitable due to the natural origins of CHM. Here I propose a concept of a new category of drugs, named "post-absorption/metabolism multicompound drug (PAMD)" that will meet every standard of modern pharmaceuticals, yet maintain the fundamental princ...

One of the most important measures, in order to increase animal products and reduce imports, is the industrialization of animal husbandry units, specially the dairy cattle. The condition of milk production would be improved by this industrialization, which is in the direction of increasing the efficiency of milk production units. The purpose of this study is calculate , the efficiency of the tr...

We argue for a surrcial pronunciation model: a model without underlying forms. The surrcial model outper-forms a traditional generative model by a signiicant margin on conversational speech (Switchboard) as well as on read speech (TIMIT). Our results suggest that the true mapping from underlying forms to surface forms is too complex to be accurately modeled using current techniques, and that we...

This chapter discusses normalization of relations when the candidate keys of a relation have missing information represented by nulls. The chapter shows that problems and confusion can arise in normalizing relations with nulls in candidate keys. Candidate keys with missing information commonly are found in relations that represent information on two entities with a one-to-one relationship betwe...

China provides a unique social-economic and political context for urban conservation and regeneration within the current trend of modernisation and globalisation. This paper investigates 4 urban regeneration projects conducted in four most internationalised historical Chinese cities from 1989 to 2005, in order to understand how traditional architectural elements are manipulated in these project...