Gene networks can often be interpreted as computational circuits. This article investigates the computational properties of gene regulatory networks defined in terms of the speed and the accuracy of the output of a gene network. It will be shown that there is no single optimal set of parameters, but instead, there is a trade-off between speed and accuracy. Using the trade-off it will also be sh...

Central to most theories that explain the diversity of life is the concept that organisms face trade-offs. Theoretical work has shown that the precise shape of a trade-off relationship affects evolutionary predictions. One common trade-off is that between competitive ability and resistance to predators, parasitoids, pathogens or herbivores. We used a microbial experimental system to elucidate t...

In this paper, we examine trade promotion decisions in manufacturer-retailer channels where retailers face consumer demand uncertainty. We first present the theoretical analysis for two types of markets where trade promotion discounts are offered either as off-invoices or as scan-backs. We derive testable hypotheses by comparing wholesale and retail prices, retailer order quantities, and profit...

In this paper, the Preference Range and Uncertainty Filtering (PRUF) Method is proposed for visualizing multi-attribute design problem solutions under uncertainty. This method enables decision makers to perform real-time trade-off investigations by incorporating preference ranges and uncertainty at the input level. In a real world case, designers must consider potentially complex trade-off deci...

time, cost and quality are considered as the main components in managing each project. previous researches have mainly focused on the time-cost trade-off problems. recently quality is considered as the most important factor in project�s success, which is influenced by time acceleration that is the less time is spent the more success is gained. in time-cost-quality trade-off problems, each act...

Software architecture evaluation plays an important role in the validation of quality models of software systems. This paper is based on the research carried out where the Architecture Trade-off Analysis Method (ATAM) was used. ATAM was chosen and used because it provides insight into the way quality attributes are mapped onto architecture and also shows the trade-offs existing between the iden...

Although computational considerations suggest that a resource-limited memory system may have to trade off capacity for generalization ability, such a trade-off has not been demonstrated in the past. We describe a simple model of memory that exhibits this trade-off and describe its performance in a variety of tasks.

Individuals do not have complete information about the environment and therefore they face a trade-off between gathering information (exploration) and gathering resources (exploitation). Studies have shown individual differences in components of this trade-off but how stable these strategies are in a population and the intrinsic drivers of these differences is not well understood. Top marine pr...

This paper focuses on the trade-off between the deduplication rate and the processing penalty in backup system which uses a conventional variable chunking method. The trade-off is a nonlinear negative correlation if the chunk size is fixed. In order to analyze quantitatively the trade-off all over the factors, a simulation approach is taken and clarifies the several correlations among chunk siz...

this paper explores the leverage determinants across firms’ sizesbased on the two main theories behind the capital structure, the trade-offand the pecking order theories. a panel data is sued to find therelationship between capital structure and the variables that proxy forbenefits and costs of debt during 1990 to 2006. our findings show thatboth principles help to explain the capital structure...