myelography is a diagnostic procedure to indicate spinal defects. after the inception of new means of spinal cord imaging, use of myelography has been limited. since there are contraindications for other modalities in some patients, we have to use myelography. the most common complication of myelography is post myelography headache (pmh). many methods have been proposed to alleviate the pain. i...

introduction lumbar puncture (lp) is a commonly needed procedure in pediatric medicine. in teaching hospitals, it is usually taught to junior residents by senior residents. objectives the goal of this study was to determine the dexterity of pediatrics residents in performing this procedure. patients and methods all pediatric residents of shiraz university of medical sciences were enrolled in th...

introduction:   sometimes physicians need to assess some markers on selected children's cerebrospinal fluid specimen according to lumbar puncture (lp). although immediate diagnosis and treatment especially for meningitis is necessary, but just at this moment, due to some incorrect believe in society, some parents may not allow physician to do lp. the reality is that most of these people, i...

TOPIC: Procedures TYPE: Medical Student/Resident Case Reports INTRODUCTION: Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is a known but serious complication of prolonged intubation. There are various clinical consequences associated with TEF and achieving successful repair can be difficult. CASE PRESENTATION: This 61 year-old female history multiple medical problems who presented initially after being found...

We describe the management of a tracheoesophageal fistula due to a damaged tracheal stent, which was first inserted to treat tracheal stenosis. A 29-year-old woman with a history of treated epilepsy had a seizure and suffered from smoke inhalation during a fire. Breathing difficulties appeared and gradually worsened; consultation was obtained two years afterward. After undergoing a thorough exa...

Introduction: Isolated congenital tracheoesophageal fistula is a very rare malformation with an incidence of 1 in 50.000-80.000 births. In most of the cases this anomaly is detected in the first year of life because of the suggestive symptoms, but sometimes the diagnosis is delayed even until adulthood. Aim: The purpose of this paper is to analyse clinical, imagistic and therapeutic sights of t...

Esophageal atresia (EA) occurs when the upper part of the esophagus does not connect with the lower part of esophagus and stomach. Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is an abnormal connection between the upper part of the esophagus and the trachea. Treatment for esophageal atresia has advanced over several decades due to improvements in surgical techniques and neonatal intensive care. The aim is t...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The posterior thyroid tubercle, also known as ZT, is an important surgical landmark due to its close proximity to the recurrent laryngeal nerve. A recent case of ZT with a nodular configuration caused clinical concern but was shown on biopsy to be normal thyroid tissue. The purpose of this study was to review a series of CT neck studies to identify how often ZT-specifical...

Introduction: Penetration injury to the neck constitutes 5–10% of all trauma cases. Penetration of a foreign body into the trachea with subsequent impaction into the tracheoesophageal party wall is extremely rare. We present a patient with an unusual penetrating injury of the neck caused by a metallic foreign body embedded into the tracheoesophageal party wall, and its management.   Case Repor...