A total of 21 planar fractal grids pertaining to three different fractal families have been used in two different wind tunnels to generate turbulence. The resulting turbulent flows have been studied using hot wire anemometry. Irrespective of fractal family, the fractal-generated turbulent flows and their homogeneity, isotropy, and decay properties are strongly dependent on the fractal dimension...

OBJECTIVE Early nutrition has been postulated as programming pubertal timing. Limited observational studies, mainly from Western settings, suggest puberty occurs later with breastfeeding and earlier with higher cow's milk (including infant formula) consumption. However, these observations may be socioeconomically confounded. This study examined whether breastfeeding or childhood milk consumptio...

This study evaluates the potential of time-resolved laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TR-LIFS) as intra-operative tool for the delineation of brain tumor from normal brain. Forty two patients undergoing glioma (WHO grade I-IV) surgery were enrolled in this study. A TR-LIFS prototype apparatus (gated detection, fast digitizer) was used to induce in-vivo fluorescence using a pulsed N2 lase...

INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis is a commonly encountered entity in an orthopedic clinical practice. Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration leading to enhanced fragility and an increased risk of fractures. Osteoporosis may be either primary or secondary. Primary osteoporosis is subdivided into type I (postmenopausal) and II (senile...

According to the DSM-IV-TR, hypomania in bipolar II disorder (BD II) must not display marked impairment of functioning, compared with mania, and the change in functioning may be increased or decreased without reporting which is more common (1). Because of the marked impairment of functioning criterion, the DSM-IV-TR’s unclear boundary between mania and hypomania can lead to misclassification (t...

OBJECTIVE To document the effect of the liberalisation of the Japanese tobacco market on Japanese smoking rates and on Japanese tobacco industry practices. DATA SOURCE Asahi Shimbun (major daily newspaper) from 1980 to 1996. STUDY SELECTION Review of media coverage on the effects of market liberalisation following the imposition of the USA's section 301 trade sanction. DATA SYNTHESIS The ...

Objective—To document the eVect of the liberalisation of the Japanese tobacco market on Japanese smoking rates and on Japanese tobacco industry practices. Data source—Asahi Shimbun (major daily newspaper) from 1980 to 1996. Study selection—Review of media coverage on the eVects of market liberalisation following the imposition of the USA’s section 301 trade sanction. Data synthesis—The opening ...

For a positive integer n, let Mn be the set of n×n complex matrices. Suppose m,n ≥ 2 are positive integers and k ∈ {1, . . . ,mn− 1}. Denote by Wk(X) the k-numerical range of a matrix X ∈Mmn. It is shown that a linear map φ : Mmn →Mmn satisfies Wk(φ(A⊗B)) = Wk(A⊗B) for all A ∈Mm and B ∈Mn if and only if there is a unitary U ∈Mmn such that one of the following holds. (i) For all A ∈Mm, B ∈Mn, φ(...

LUPUS CYSTITIS : A REPORT OF FOUR CASES Katsuhiko TAKABAYASHI, MD, Makoto SUEISHI, MD, Hisao TOMIOKA, MD, Terue IMAIZUMI, MD and Sho YOSHIDA, MD The Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba Takao SUGIYAMA, MD Department of Internal Medicine, Kashima-Rousai Hospital, Hasaki Akira KIMURA, MD Department of Internal Medicine, Asahi General Hospital, Asahi ...