Dear Editor, Tourette syndrome (TS) is characterized by chronic motor and vocal tics. In the ‘60s, neuroleptics have started to be used on TS and became the most efficient medications. Most used neuroleptics which have been reported in controlled studies or case reports are haloperidol, pimozide, sulpiride, risperidone, olanzapine and ziprazidone.1 Since then, typical neuroleptics have been dec...

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurologic and behavioral disorder consisting of motor and phonic tics with onset in childhood or adolescence. The severity of tics can range from barely perceptible to severely impairing due to social embarrassment, discomfort, self-injury, and interference with daily functioning and school or work performance. In addition to tics, most patients with TS have a varie...

Neurocognitive functioning in Tourette syndrome (TS) has been the subject of intensive research in the past 30 years. A variety of impairments, presumably related to frontal and frontostriatal dysfunctions, have been observed. These impairments were found in various domains, such as attention, memory, executive functions, language, motor and visuomotor functions, among others. In line with cont...

Tourette syndrome is a childhood neuropsychiatric disorder, which presents with disruptive motor and vocal tics. The disease also has a high comorbidity with obsessive-compulsive disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, which may further increase the distress experienced by patients. Current treatments act with varying efficacies in alleviating symptoms, as the underlying biology ...

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common and often disabling neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood with limited treatments. Deep brain stimulation surgery (DBS) was recently reported to benefit self-injurious behavior in some patients with low functioning ASD. Currently understood involvement of frontal-basal ganglia circuits in the inhibitory control of movement, thoughts, perceptions, em...

Tourette Syndrome (TS) or Tourette’s disorder (DSM IV-TR) is a childhood onset, brain-based disorder characterized by persistent motor and vocal tics that last for more than one year. Tics are brief, meaningless movements or sounds, but can be more complex and appear purposeful. In addition, many people with TS have other problems that might include one or more of the following: difficulties wi...

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by motor and phonic tics that can be considered motor responses to preceding inner urges. It has been shown that Tourette patients have inferior performance in some motor learning tasks and reduced synaptic plasticity induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation. However, it has not been investigated whether altered syn...

Sr. Editor, O transtorno do humor bipolar (THB) em crianças apresenta características clínicas bastante peculiares como predominância de estados mistos e ciclagem ultrarápida.1 A comorbidade de THB Síndrome de Gilles de La Tourette em criança portadora do transtorno do humor bipolar Gilles de la Tourette syndrome in a child with bipolar disorder com síndrome de Gilles de La Tourette (SGT) na in...

The clinical features of 53 British-born patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome are described. The mean age at onset of body tics was seven years and for vocalisations 11 years. Coprolalia was present in 39%, copropraxia in 21%, echolalia in 46% and echopraxia in 21%. Complicated antics and mannerisms were also common, often involving the compulsive touching of objects or self-injurious b...

A number of disorders affecting speech, learning, and behavior have a 3:1 or greater male:female ratio. This has usually been explained on the basis of a developmental model postulating a difference in the young male versus female brain. Tourette syndrome is a hereditary neurobehavioral disorder due to a single major autosomal gene. It is associated with learning disorders and attention deficit...