We have used the ionisation equilibrium equation to derive the electron density in in-terstellar clouds in the direction to 13 stars. A linear relation was found, that allows the determination of the electron density from the Mg I and Mg II column densities in interstel-lar medium. The comparison of normalised equivalent width of 12 DIBs with the electron density shows that the DIBs equivalent ...

re = 2.818 × 10−15m is the classical electron radius, ρe is the electron density of the material, and μx is the absorption length. With δ > 0 we find that n < 1, which leads to the phenomenon of so-called total external reflection for incident angles αi below the critical angle αc = √ 2δ. Typical values for δ are 10−5 . . . 10−6, and thus αc is in the range of 0.1 ◦ . . . 0.5◦. For simplicity, ...

In the exact Kohn-Sham density-functional theory, the total energy versus the number of electrons is a series of linear segments between integer points. However, commonly used approximate density functionals produce total energies that do not exhibit this piecewise-linear behavior. As a result, the ionization potential theorem, equating the highest occupied eigenvalue with the ionization potent...

The least known aspect of the functional architecture of hippocampal microcircuits is the quantitative distribution of synaptic inputs of identified cell classes. The complete dendritic trees of functionally distinct interneuron types containing parvalbumin (PV), calbindin D(28k) (CB), or calretinin (CR) were reconstructed at the light microscopic level to describe their geometry, total length,...

[1] We present observations from the Cassini Plasma Electron Spectrometer (CAPS/ELS) of characteristic peaks in the electron energy spectrum that are identified in the innermost regions of the Saturnian magnetosphere during low-latitude orbits of the Cassini spacecraft around Saturn. We show how a narrow electron energy peak at about 20 eVand a possible peak at about 42 eV can be extracted from...

[1] The Martian ionosphere’s local total electron content (TEC) and the neutral atmosphere scale height can be derived from radar echoes reflected from the surface of the planet. We report the global distribution of the TEC by analyzing more than 750,000 echoes of the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding (MARSIS). This is the first direct measurement of the TEC of the Mar...

Based on total-energy electronic-structure calculations within the density-functional theory, we find that a high spin state is realized for an ultimate dangling bond unit on an otherwise hydrogen-covered Si(111) surface. We further propose a systematic method of constructing nanometer-scale dangling bond networks that exhibit the ferrimagnetic spin ordering. The interplay between the electron-...

One considers the effect of disorder on the 2-dimensional density of states of an electron in a constant magnetic field superposed onto a Poissonnian random distribution of point vortices. If one restricts the electron Hilbert space to the lowest Landau level of the total average magnetic field, the random magnetic impurity problem is mapped onto a contact δ impurity problem. A brownian motion ...

The effect of an ionospheric dynamo electric field on the electron density and total electron content (TEC) perturbations in the F layer (150–600 km altitudes) is investigated at two arbitrarily selected locations (noted as 29◦ N and 60◦ N in latitudes) in the presence of seismic tsunami-excited gravity waves propagating in a stratified, nondissipative atmosphere where vertical gradients of atm...

A sequence of 3 patches of high-density (1012 m−3) cold plasma on a horizontal scale-size of 300– 700 km was observed near magnetic noon by the EISCAT VHF radar above Svalbard on 17 December 2001. The patches followed a trajectory towards the cusp inflow region. The combination of radar and all-sky observations demonstrates that the patches must have been segmented equatorward of the cusp/cleft...