OBJECTIVE To assess the economic impact, from a societal perspective, of a multidimensional infection control education program (ICEP) in a preschool for children with Down syndrome. METHODS Krilov et al implemented a comprehensive ICEP in a specialized preschool setting and reported a significant decrease in medical resource utilization and days absent from school. Clinical and economic data...

In this paper I attempt to replicate for Sweden the Corrado, Hulten and Sichel (2006) and Marrano and Haskel (2006) working papers on spending on intangible assets in the US and the UK. Based on their measurement methods the total spending on intangibles in Sweden in 2004 was 277 billion SEK or 10.6 percent of total GDP. Based on total spending it can be estimated that total investment in intan...

We consider a simple general equilibrium model with imperfect competition. Firms are price taker in the input market and compete à la Cournot in some or all of the product markets (their technology displays constant returns to scale). We show that an increase in the number of firms does not always improve welfare. We also provide a characterization in terms of mark-up rates of the sectors for w...

OBJECTIVES To estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness of a large-scale urban hygiene promotion programme in terms of reducing the incidence of childhood diarrhoeal disease in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. METHODS Total and incremental costs of the programme were estimated retrospectively from the perspectives of the provider, from the households who change their behaviour as a result of t...

1.1 Modification of Transparent Conducting Oxide (TCO) Electrodes through Silanization and Chemisorption of Small Molecules . . . . . 15 Michael Brumbach and Neal R. Armstrong 1.1.

In this paper, we consider fuzzy inventory with backorder. First, we fuzzify the storing cost a, backorder cost b, cost of placing an order c, total demand r, order quantity q, and shortage quantity s as the triangular fuzzy numbers in the total cost. From these, we can obtain the fuzzy total cost. Using the signed distance method to defuzzify, we get the estimate of the total cost in the fuzzy...

All resources need to be managed to realize opportunities. Isolating the benefits of Information Technology and relating them to the associated costs has proved elusive and threatened emerging opportunities. A change of approach has been advocated to overcome these problems which focuses on the Total Cost of Ownership. Over the past several years, the Total Cost of Ownership has been both haile...

Examining two different changes in retail format, we show that consumers alter their purchase behavior when the retail context changes. In both settings, the change in purchasing behavior is consistent with the effect being driven by an interpersonal interaction between the consumer and the retail clerk. We therefore model the change in format as a “social friction” in which consumers may not p...

The Spreadsheet Tool for the Estimation of Pollutant Load (STEPL) can be used for Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) processes, since the model is capable of simulating the impacts of various best management practices (BMPs) and low impact development (LID) practices. The model computes average annual direct runoff using the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method with average rainf...