The provisions of the Act on Nature Conservation treat the removal of trees and shrubs without the required permit as an administrative tort sanctioned by an administrative fine in the amount of a triple fee paid for the removal with the permit of the competent authority. This is the objective liability to which not the guilt but only the fact of removal of a tree (shrub), and the...

With the rapid advances in neurosciences in the last three decades, there has been an exponential increase in the use of neuroimaging both in basic sciences and clinical research involving human subjects. During routine neuroimaging, incidental findings that are not part of the protocol or scope of research agenda can occur and they often pose a challenge as to how they should be handled to abi...

As a rule, mentally ill patients are held to be responsible for their acts just like everyone else. Notwithstanding, the law in Israel contains special rules which distinguish individuals with mental illness from other people. The instructions laid out in article 34h of the Israeli Penal Law empower the court to release a defendant from criminal responsibility. To do this the following criteria...

The law of products liability in tort is designed to maintain a reasonable balance between the inevitable social costs and the benefits of innovative product technologies. Technological development must be supported not only for the best interests of the public but also the side effect namely product defect into one of the following: (1) manufacturing defect; failures to correctly implement saf...

hisba is a regulatory regime in islamic law which could be a base for islamic economic regulation but has been neglected for centuries. the protection of integrity of the market and competition is a prominent economic and legal objective in modern economies. however, the focus in the islamic law has been on the bipolar relations among the individuals in the form of law of contract or law of tor...