Infection with Torque teno viruses (TTVs) is not restricted to humans. Different domestic and wild animal species are naturally infected with species-specific TTVs worldwide. Due to the global spread of the infection, it is likely that essentially all animals are naturally infected with species-specific TTVs, and that co-evolution of TTVs with their hosts probably occurred. Although TTVs are po...

In this study, we establish a hybrid high-order smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) framework (MLS-TENO-SPH) for compressible flows with discontinuities, which is able to achieve genuine convergence in smooth regions and also capture discontinuities well non-smooth regions. The can be either fully Lagrangian, Eulerian or realizing arbitary-Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) feature enforcing the isotr...

The purpose of this study was to describe the circulation of TTV and/or porcine pestivirus in commercial wean-to-finish populations. Oral fluid samples were collected from 10 wean-to-finish sites at 2week intervals from placement (3 weeks of age) to close-out. Testing for porcine pestivirus and TTV using PCR-based assays was performed on these samples. Among the 600 oral fluid samples tested, o...

PURPOSE Crank torque (CT) application and rate of CT development (RCTD) are important considerations in sprint cycling. The stiffness of the musculotendinous unit is related to the isometric rate of torque development (RTD); however, this relationship has yet to be examined in sprint cycling. METHODS Maximal isometric torque (MIT) and isometric RTD of the quadriceps were assessed in 21 traine...