The present study mainly investigates the prominence patterns of focus in Standard Chinese (Hereinafter, SC). The focus is classified into three types, i.e., single focus with various kinds (whquestion induced focus, shi-marked focus and lianmarked focus); double focus with various placements (adjacent and non-adjacent constituents); multiple focus with various distributions (adjacent and non-a...

To investigate early head turning, we retrospectively studied videotapes of 262 seizures from 82 patients who were seizure free after temporal lobectomy. Early head movements were arbitrarily classified into non-tonic turning, tonic turning, and absence of turning. Among the 222 seizures which showed early head turning, 168 (75.7%) had non-tonic turning and 54 (24.3%) had tonic turning. The dir...

The culminative nature of stress has led to three common assumptions about its representation. These are (i) that it should allow for an unbounded continuum of prominence levels (the INFINITY assumption); (ii) that it should characterise prominence levels as relative to nearby weaker or stronger prominence levels, not as levels that are phonetically interpretable in isolation (the RELATIVITY as...

Since Bolinger’s [1] discovery that pitch cues accentual prominence in English, a tension has arisen between two strategies: equating accent with pitch excursions and relying on perception for identifying accented words. This paper investigates the relation between prominence judgments from untrained listeners and accentual labels produced by trained transcribers. Naïve speakers of English, Spa...

Functionally, GABAA receptor (GABAR)-mediated inhibition can be classified as phasic (synaptic) and tonic (extrasynaptic). The GABARs underlying tonic inhibition assemble from different subunits than those responsible for phasic inhibition. We wanted to assess the excitability of hippocampal pyramidal cell (PC) networks following a selective impairment of tonic inhibition. This is difficult to ...

Type A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA(A)) receptors expressed in the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus (DMV) critically regulate the activity of vagal motor neurons and, by inference, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Two types of GABA(A) receptor-mediated inhibition have been identified in the brain, represented by phasic (I(phasic)) and tonic (I(tonic)) inhibitory currents. The hypothesis that I(to...