Based on two Mandarin speakers’ data, we found a kind of successive addition boundary tone in disgust intonation when the tones of the final boundary syllables are tone 1, tone 2 or tone 3. In this case, the disgust boundary tone is composed by two components, i.e., the lexical tone which is employed to express lexical meaning, and the expressive tone which is realized as a falling tone to expr...

This paper has examined the Mandarin neutral tone values in phonological terms. Essentially, it has developed a unified analysis accounting for the surface values of Tone 0. In doing so, the analysis accounts for why Tone 0 behaves differently after Tone 3. Or, why does it rise after Tone 3 but falls after the other three tones? It is argued that Tone 0 is phonologically a low tone with a low p...

In Mandarin, lexical tone has been found to interact with intonational influence intonation perception, the falling T4 facilitating perception of statement/question contrast most, and rising T2 least. However, in addition four citation tones T1-T4, Mandarin “neutral tone” which marks weak, non-initial syllables that do not carry a tone. The prevailing view is neutral is, fact, phonologically to...

Tone mapping is used to compress the dynamic range of image data without distortion. To HDR images and prevent halo artifacts, a tone method proposed based on least squares method. Our first uses weights for estimation illumination, detail layer obtained by Retinex model. Then, global function with parameter range, fitting histogram equalization. Finally, illumination are fused obtain LDR image...

The neutral tone in Taiwan Mandarin (TM) behaves differently from that of Standard Mandarin. Many neutral-tone syllables in TM are not reduced and have a low pitch target regardless of the preceding tone. These neutral-tone syllables are therefore acoustically similar to Tone 3 syllables in TM. This paper investigates how TM listeners distinguish Tone 3 (low tone) from the neutral tone. The res...

In this paper, we study tonal variations by training contextdependent tone models from a large speech corpus. Each model represents a tone-in-context and can output a stylized f0 pattern for it. With these tone models, it becomes tangible to investigate f0-variations with plenty of factors. Six contextual factors are investigated to describe tones in this work. We find that impact of a factor v...

Using eye-tracking in a visual world paradigm, we sought converging evidence for the time course of Mandarin Chinese tone recognition as predicted by the availability of information in f0 and past results from a gating experiment. Our results showed that tones 1 and 2 are recognized earlier than tone 4, followed by tone 3. With the exception of tone 2, which was recognized earlier than expected...