An understanding of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) signal transduction is a key goal in the effort to provide a molecular basis for the lethal effect of LPS during septic shock and point the way to novel therapies. Rapid progress in this field during the last 6 years has resulted in the discovery of not only the receptor for LPS - Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) - but also in a better appreciation of the...

Objective(s): To explore whether endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress regulates inflammation in adipose tissue of obese rats via TLR4 signaling. Materials and Methods: Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups, and body weight, food intake, and free fatty acids (FFA) were measured. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to determine mRNA or protein expression of TLR4, TRAF6, IKK...

Acrylonitrile is a potent mutagen and carcinogen for hepatocytes. A role of toll-like receptor 4 in the immune toxicity of acrylonitrile has been suggested in many studies. The following study was designed to assess the quantitative alteration of toll-like receptor 4 under the influence of sodium thiosulfate which was used to antagonize acrylonitrile-induced immune toxicity in rats. 70 Sprague ...