Mindell (2013) [henceforth simply “Mindell”] has provided a claim that the Tree of Life (ToL) is still useful in phylogenetics as a model, a metaphor, and a heuristic. Here I examine all three of these claims. Mindell noted that what biologists have long discussed as the ToL is in fact reticulate, and always has been. He therefore objected to simplistic declarations that there is no ToL, in the...

Widespread resistance to QoIs, DMI and SDHIs fungicides has been reported for Brazilian populations of the wheat blast pathogen Pyricularia oryzae Triticum lineage (PoTl). A pre-existing mechanism not associated with target site mutations indicated DMIs SDHIs, strong indication that PoTl multidrugresistance (MDR). Therefore, main objective this study was test hypothesis SDHI detected in due eff...

Tujuan dilakukannya studi ini adalah untuk mengkaji bentuk pertanggungjawaban hukum pengelola jalan tol terhadap kerugian yang dialami pengguna akibat terjadinya banjir serta mengetahui apakah di dapat diklasifikasikan sebagai Force Majeure. Studi menggunakan metode penelitian normati dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan. Sumber bahan digunakan pada primer berupa perundang-undangan da...

OBJECTIVES To explore serum and tissue pharmacodynamics of linezolid versus vancomycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clinical isolates with different MBC/MIC ratios. METHODS Five strains (vancomycin MIC/MBCs, mg/L) were used: TOL-1 (2/≥64), TOL-2 (1/16), LT-1 and LT-2 (1/8) and NT (1/2). The linezolid MIC/MBC for all strains was 2/≥64 mg/L. A two-compartment dynam...

Purpose To analyze the association between myopia and cognitive performance. Methods A cohort of the population-based Gutenberg Health Study included 3819 eligible enrollees between 40 and 79 years. We used the Tower of London (TOL) test to assess cognitive performance. Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent (SE) ≤ -0.5 diopters (D) via noncycloplegic autorefractometry. We conducted lin...

The chemical reactivity of acyl glucuronide (AG) has been thought to be associated with the toxic properties of drugs containing carboxylic acid moieties, but there has been no direct evidence showing that AG formation is related to the observed toxicity. In the present study, the cytotoxicity of AGs, especially that associated with the inflammatory response, was investigated. The changes in th...

The Stern Review of the Economics of Climate Change (Stern et al. 2006a, b; Stern 2007) has been the catalyst of an enormous amount of discussion since its release in the fall of 2006. Policy makers see it as an authoritative report that makes an economic case for rapid reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Most economists have a different opinion of the quality of the analysis, even though th...