characterized (Koornneef et al. 1991, 1998b, Lee et al, 1993, Araki and Komeda 1993, Clarke and Dean 1994, Clarke et al. 1995, Eimert et al. 1995, Zagotta et al. 1992, Sung et al. 1992, Martinez-Zapater et al. 1994, Sanda and Amasino 1996a, Amasino 1996, Levy and Dean 1998). Although they caused similar mutant phenotypes, diflbrent late-flowering mutants characterized responded to environmental...

in order to investigate the effects of single irrigation amounts at different stages of rapeseed growth on yield and the improvement of water use efficiency and water productivity indices, this experiment was conducted as split plot arranged in a randomized complete block design (rcbd) with three replications during 2002-2003 for rainfed spring rapeseed variety (pf.7015.91= sarigol) at maragheh...

Although the occurrence of epistasis and pleiotropy is widely accepted at the molecular level, its effect on the adaptive value of fitness-related genes is rarely investigated in plants. Knowledge of these features of a gene is critical to understand the molecular basis of adaptive evolution. Here we investigate the importance of pleiotropy and epistasis in determining the adaptive value of a c...

Large-scale gene-sequencing projects that have been undertaken in animals have involved organisms from contrasting taxonomic groups, such as worm, fly and mammal. By contrast, similar botanical projects have focused exclusively on flowering plants. This has made it difficult to carry out fundamental research on how plants have evolved from simple to complex forms - a task that has been very suc...

The aim of this study was to investigate the main climatic and biological trends related to olive flowering in central-southern Italy compared to those in Andalusia, Spain. Results since 1982 were compared for the two long-series monitoring areas of Cordoba and Perugia, and since 1992-1999 for the short-series areas. The relationship between climatic trends and the biological response of the ol...

Flowering time is an important trait in wheat breeding as it affects adaptation and yield potential. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic architecture of flowering time in European winter bread wheat cultivars. To this end a population of 410 winter wheat varieties was evaluated in multi-location field trials and genotyped by a genotyping-by-sequencing approach and candidate gen...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Bolting, the first visible sign of reproductive transition in beets (Beta vulgaris), is controlled by the dominant bolting gene B (B allele), which allows for flowering under long days (LDs, >14 h light) without prior vernalization. The B-locus carries recessive alleles (bb) in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. spp. vulgaris), so that vernalization and LDs are required for boltin...

This study was conducted in perennial alfalfa farm infected by weeds located at Km 7 Hamadan-Tehran road in the spring of 2014 and 2015 in a randomized complete block design with 11 treatments and 4 replications compared with control to investigate the effects of different harvest times of first cutting on the increase or decrease in percentage of dry weight of weeds and also alfalfa in second ...