INTRODUCTION: Autologous breast reconstruction is the preferred technique for those patients who require radiation therapy as part of their treatment plan. In order to avoid the detrimental effects of radiation, these patients may benefit from immediate placement of a tissue expander at the time of mastectomy followed by a second stage conversion to autologous tissue (delayed-immediate reconstr...

INTRODUCTION: Autologous breast reconstruction is the preferred technique for those patients who require radiation therapy as part of their treatment plan. In order to avoid the detrimental effects of radiation, these patients may benefit from immediate placement of a tissue expander at the time of mastectomy followed by a second stage conversion to autologous tissue (delayed-immediate reconstr...

Learning Objectives: After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Assess the suitability of a patient for prosthetic reconstruction. 2. Understand the principles of dimensional planning for implant and expander selection. 3. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of immediate versus delayed expander/implant reconstruction. 4. Apply the surgical techniques of immediate an...

Tissue expansion, is a simple method of breast reconstruction. Method. A prospective study of 27 patients treated over a 43 month period is described. At the first stage the expander is inserted in the dual plane, and the medial pectoral nerve is divided. The tissue expander is over-expanded. Second stage: a de-epithelialized vertical triangle is used to aid anterior projection, an inframammary...

INTRODUCTION The development of tissue expansion technique as an important routine procedure in plastic and reconstructive surgery in the past two decades reflects the tendency of getting quality skin that would replace the defect. The aim of this study was to present our experience in the application of tissue expanders in the limbs, and to compare the complications of this procedure in limb a...

We say that a graph G = (V,E) on n vertices is a β-expander for some constant β > 0 if every U ⊆ V of cardinality |U | ≤ n 2 satisfies |NG(U)| ≥ β|U | where NG(U) denotes the neighborhood of U . We explore the process of uniformly at random deleting vertices of a β-expander with probability n for some constant α > 0. Our main result implies that as n tends to infinity, the deletion process perf...

This paper will introduce expander graphs. Kolmogorov and Barzdin’s proof on the three dimensional realization of networks will be discussed as one of the first examples of expander graphs. The last section will discuss error correcting code as an application of expander graphs to computer science.